Fourth-order sequences in the northern central Miocene Gulf of Mexico are typically at or below seismic resolution and embedded in deformed strata with lateral thickness variations, making it difficult to image the corresponding paleo-depositional surfaces. Stratal or proportional slicing, involving proportionally slicing between two bounding reference horizons, can overcome these difficulties. However, if the target horizon can be readily interpreted, its horizon slice can provide the most accurate image. In this study, we first improved the resolution of the seismic data from the northern central Gulf of Mexico by bandwidth extension. Then, we autotracked a Miocene fourth-order sequence (M4) through the 50-Hz isofrequency volume obtained by the generalized spectral decomposition of the bandwidth-exteneded data. The horizon slice along M4 through the bandwidth-extended data provides a better image for incised-fluvial valleys and distributary channels compared with the stratal slice of the original data reported by earlier work. The corendered image of the variance and amplitude horizon slices further highlights the depositional features of M4. The horizon slice of M4 through the acoustic impedance volume, computed from inversion, shows that the incised-fluvial-valley fill is characterized by low impedance, suggesting good reservoir quality and that the distributary-channel fill is characterized by low to moderate impedance, suggesting fair to good reservoir quality. The definition of the horizon slice includes both the slice along the target horizon and those parallel to the reference horizon. We propose to call the slice along the target horizon a “horizon slice” and to use the term “horizon-parallel slices” for any slices parallel to an interpreted horizon.

中文翻译：

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带宽扩展地震数据的地平线切片：通过频谱分解优化薄层解释

墨西哥中新世北部中部北部的四阶层序通常处于地震分辨率或以下，并埋入具有横向厚度变化的变形地层中，因此很难对相应的古沉积面成像。分层或比例切片，包括在两个边界参考层之间按比例切片，可以克服这些困难。但是，如果可以轻松解释目标地平线，则其地平线切片可以提供最准确的图像。在这项研究中，我们首先通过带宽扩展来提高墨西哥北部中部海湾地震数据的分辨率。然后，我们通过带宽扩展数据的广义频谱分解获得的50Hz等频率体积，自动跟踪了中新世四阶序列（M4）。与早期工作报道的原始数据的层状切片相比，沿着M4穿过带宽扩展数据的水平切片为切入河谷和分配通道提供了更好的图像。方差和振幅水平切片的对比图像进一步突出了M4的沉积特征。通过反演计算出的M4的声阻抗体积的水平切片显示，切向河谷灌流的特征是低阻抗，表明储层质量好，而分流河道灌输的特征是中低阻抗，表明一般到良好的储层质量。地平线切片的定义既包括沿目标地平线的切片，也包括平行于参考地平线的切片。