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Ecological responses of semi-natural grasslands to abandonment: case studies in three mountain regions in the Eastern Alps
Folia Geobotanica ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s12224-019-09355-2
Andreas Bohner , Johannes Karrer , Ronnie Walcher , David Brandl , Kerstin Michel , Arne Arnberger , Thomas Frank , Johann G. Zaller

Semi-natural, extensively managed, grasslands are among the most species-rich agroecosystems in Europe. However, they are threatened by abandonment. We investigated the response of semi-natural grasslands to cessation of mowing at ten sites in three UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in Switzerland and Austria. We assessed vegetation characteristics, topsoil properties and microbially mediated soil processes by comparing once-a-year mowed with adjacent long-term abandoned grasslands on semi-dry, nutrient-poor, base-rich soils. Plant litter decomposition was determined using standardized substrates (Tea Bag Index). Soil microbial community composition was assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Abandonment altered floristic composition by replacing shade-intolerant or low-growing grassland species, in particular character species of the alliance Bromion erecti, with medium- to tall-sized grasses (e.g. Brachypodium pinnatum) and tall herbs (e.g. Laserpitium latifolium). Time since abandonment had an influence on the magnitude of successional changes after abandonment. Cessation of mowing increased above-ground phytomass but decreased plant species richness and evenness. Abandonment increased soil microbial biomass, promoted litter decomposition and led to an increased soil organic carbon, C:N ratio, and inorganic N supply. Our findings also showed that abandoned grasslands dominated by grasses remained shrub- and treeless for several decades.

中文翻译:

半天然草地对废弃的生态响应:以东阿尔卑斯山三个山区为例

半自然、广泛管理的草原是欧洲物种最丰富的农业生态系统之一。然而,他们受到被遗弃的威胁。我们在瑞士和奥地利的三个联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区的 10 个地点调查了半天然草原对停止割草的反应。我们通过在半干旱、营养贫乏、基部丰富的土壤上比较一年一次割草与相邻的长期废弃草地,评估了植被特征、表土特性和微生物介导的土壤过程。使用标准化底物(茶袋指数)确定植物凋落物分解。通过磷脂脂肪酸分析评估土壤微生物群落组成。放弃通过取代不耐阴或低生长的草原物种改变了植物区系组成,特别是具有中高型草本(例如 Brachypodium pinnatum)和高大草本植物(例如 Laserpitium latifolium)的 Bromion直立联盟的特征物种。遗弃后的时间对遗弃后的演替变化幅度有影响。停止割草增加了地上植物量,但降低了植物物种的丰富度和均匀度。废弃增加了土壤微生物生物量,促进了凋落物分解并导致土壤有机碳、C:N 比和无机氮供应增加。我们的研究结果还表明,几十年来,以草为主的废弃草原仍然没有灌木和树木。遗弃后的时间对遗弃后的演替变化幅度有影响。停止割草增加了地上植物量,但降低了植物物种的丰富度和均匀度。废弃增加了土壤微生物生物量,促进了凋落物分解并导致土壤有机碳、C:N 比和无机氮供应增加。我们的研究结果还表明,几十年来,以草为主的废弃草原仍然没有灌木和树木。遗弃后的时间对遗弃后的演替变化幅度有影响。停止割草增加了地上植物量,但降低了植物物种的丰富度和均匀度。废弃增加了土壤微生物生物量,促进了凋落物分解并导致土壤有机碳、C:N 比和无机氮供应增加。我们的研究结果还表明,几十年来,以草为主的废弃草原仍然没有灌木和树木。
更新日期:2019-12-01
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