The urban heat island has long been recognised as a form of localised man-made climate change¹ as a consequence of the heat capacity, albedo, radiation trapping and local heat sources within the urban environment.² However, within Western Europe, most major towns and cities have been in existence for longer than we have had modern meteorological measurements. Therefore, we do not have climatological data for those locations as they would have been free from urban influence. Attempts to quantify urban heat islands therefore regularly rely on reference to the closest available rural sites,³ remote sensing,⁴ targeted observation campaigns^5,6 or with numerical climate models.^7,8

中文翻译：

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通过英国气象局观测网络的插值估算和绘制英国的城市热岛图

城市热岛一直被认为是局部的人为气候变化的一种形式¹的热容量，反照率，辐射城市环境中捕获和当地热源的结果。²然而，在西欧内部，大多数主要城镇的存在时间比我们现代气象测量的时间长。因此，我们没有这些位置的气候数据，因为它们将不受城市影响。因此，量化城市热岛的尝试通常依赖于参考最近的农村站点，^3个遥感，^4个针对性的观测运动^5,6或数值气候模型。^7,8