In this article, the reliability model and the opportunistic maintenance optimization model are formulated for the preset self-repairing mechanism which is artificially designed and applied to many engineering systems. The preset self-repairing mechanism is first introduced into the reliability model, and a series system consisting of two units is built to describe the proposed model. One unit in the system is subject to external shocks and has the preset self-repairing mechanism, the other does not have the recovery mechanism and its lifetime distribution follows exponential distribution. For the system, the analytical expression of reliability is derived, and a maintenance optimization model taking the long-run average cost per unit time as objective function is established. The decision parameters of the maintenance policy are preventive and opportunistic degradation levels. Besides, a preventive maintenance policy is proposed for comparison with the opportunistic maintenance policy. Finally, the numerical examples are provided to obtain the optimal decision parameters and demonstrate the effectiveness of opportunistic maintenance policies.

本文为人为设计并应用于许多工程系统的预设自修复机制制定了可靠性模型和机会维修优化模型。首先将预设的自我修复机制引入可靠性模型，然后构建由两个单元组成的串联系统来描述所提出的模型。系统中的一个单元会受到外部冲击，并具有预设的自我修复机制，而另一个则没有恢复机制，并且其寿命分布遵循指数分布。对于该系统，推导了可靠性的解析表达式，并建立了以单位时间的长期平均成本为目标函数的维护优化模型。维护策略的决策参数是预防和机会降级。此外，还提出了预防性维修政策，以与机会性维修政策进行比较。最后，通过数值算例获得最优决策参数，并证明了机会主义维修策略的有效性。