The watertightness of solid masonry walls is generally based on the concept of buffering and afterwards drying out the absorbed rainwater. In cavity walls, on the contrary, the air layer provides a capillary break between the inner and outer leafs allowing drainage of rainwater and preventing infiltration to the interior wall surface. For assessing moisture-related risks, heat, air and moisture models have proven to be a valuable tool, but in the case of cavity walls two problems arise: the degree of water infiltration into the cavity is unknown, and no consensus is available on the method that should be used to implement these infiltrations in a simulation. For example, for the existing buildings, it is worthwhile to investigate whether injecting cavity wall insulation induces an increase or decrease in moisture-related pathologies, in contrast to adopting a fixed performance criterion for assessment. However, to complete a thorough analysis of a brick cavity wall, it is first useful to review the hygrothermal behaviour of cavity walls as it has been previously described in the literature. As such, this article provides a summary of experimental water infiltration results for cavity walls as described in the literature, discusses experimental results of four test walls subjected to four test protocols and extracts from these results the water infiltration rate for implementation in heat, air and moisture models. Finally, several methods for implementing the infiltrations in heat, air and moisture simulations are presented and evaluated based on different damage criteria. In general, the new modelling approaches are considered to provide realistic results. Nonetheless, an in situ investigation on whether mortar bridges occur in the cavity due to poor workmanship remains crucial to understanding the hygrothermal response as mortar bridges are found to have a dominant impact on the risk of mould growth at the interior wall surface.

中文翻译：

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雨水渗透测量在非隔热砖空心墙的湿热模拟中的实施

实心砌体墙的水密性一般基于缓冲和干燥吸收的雨水的概念。相反，在空腔壁中，空气层在内外叶之间提供毛细管断裂，允许雨水排出并防止渗入内壁表面。对于评估与湿气相关的风险，热、空气和湿气模型已被证明是一种有价值的工具，但在空腔壁的情况下会出现两个问题：水渗入空腔的程度未知，并且没有达成共识。应该用于在模拟中实现这些渗透的方法。例如，对于现有建筑物，值得研究注入空腔墙体保温材料是否会导致与湿气相关的病理增加或减少，与采用固定的绩效标准进行评估相反。然而，要完成对砖砌空心墙的彻底分析，首先要回顾空心墙的湿热行为，正如之前在文献中所描述的那样。因此，本文总结了文献中描述的空腔墙的实验水渗透结果，讨论了四个测试墙在四个测试协议下的实验结果，并从这些结果中提取了在热、空气和空气中实施的水渗透率。水分模型。最后，介绍了几种在热、空气和湿气模拟中实现渗透的方法，并根据不同的损坏标准进行了评估。一般来说，新的建模方法被认为提供了现实的结果。尽管如此，