The majority of studies examining botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in the management of upper limb muscle overactivity and pain focus on the distal arm and hand. Research has begun to look at BTX-A efficacy in more proximal upper limb muscles, with literature showing equivocal findings. This scoping review identified 15 studies meeting inclusion criteria whose data were examined against three outcome variables: muscle overactivity, range of movement and pain. Overall, while the majority of injected participants improved on these variables, between-study methodological variability such as research design potentially underpowered studies and arbitrary decision making gave a high likelihood of influencing the interpretation of their results. Future research is warranted, with a robust focus on functional anatomy, a critical appraisal of how BTX-A may help the individual being studied and utilising individualised rather than protocol-driven research paradigms.

中文翻译：

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A 型肉毒杆菌素注射液治疗肩部肌肉过度活动：范围审查

大多数检查肉毒杆菌毒素 A (BTX-A) 治疗上肢肌肉过度活动和疼痛的研究都集中在远端手臂和手部。研究已经开始关注 BTX-A 在更近端的上肢肌肉中的功效，文献显示出模棱两可的发现。该范围审查确定了 15 项符合纳入标准的研究，其数据根据三个结果变量进行了检查：肌肉过度活动、运动范围和疼痛。总体而言，虽然大多数注射参与者在这些变量上有所改善，但研究之间的方法学变异性，例如研究设计可能动力不足的研究和任意决策，很可能会影响对其结果的解释。未来的研究是有必要的，重点关注功能解剖学，