Human activities change the biodiversity of ecological communities in at least three dimensions: ecologically, taxonomically and functionally. Gathering information on these three dimensions allows the improvement of biodiversity assessments and the increased understanding of anthropogenic impact on natural communities. In this study, we analysed the spider community associated with the tropical plant Heliconia aurantiaca in two contrasting habitat types: continuous forest and forest fragments in south-eastern Mexico. We examined the foliage, stems and bracts of H. aurantiaca individuals in both habitats. We categorized each spider species according to its behavioural and functional traits. We analysed ecological diversity using Hill numbers, taxonomic distinctness and functional diversity using the FRic index. Overall, we collected a total of 110 spiders, of which 44 individuals from 29 species were found in continuous forests, with 66 individuals from 36 species in forest fragments. We found greater ecological diversity in continuous forest than in fragments. In contrast, we found lower functional diversity in continuous forest than in fragments. Taxonomic diversity showed no significant difference between habitats. Forest fragmentation affected the biodiversity of spiders by disrupting species composition and function, which may lead to other ecological changes such as predator–prey interactions and other aspects of ecosystem functioning.

中文翻译：

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与热带雨林碎片中的下层植物相关的蜘蛛群落的多样性指标

人类活动至少在三个方面改变了生态群落的生物多样性：生态、分类和功能。收集这三个方面的信息可以改进生物多样性评估并增加对人为对自然群落的影响的理解。在这项研究中，我们分析了与热带植物相关的蜘蛛群落桔梗在两种截然不同的栖息地类型中：墨西哥东南部的连续森林和森林碎片。我们检查了叶子、茎和苞片橙花两个栖息地的个体。我们根据每个蜘蛛的行为和功能特征对其进行分类。我们使用希尔数分析生态多样性，使用 FRic 指数分析分类差异和功能多样性。总体而言，我们共收集了 110 只蜘蛛，其中在连续森林中发现了 29 个物种的 44 个个体，在森林碎片中发现了 36 个物种的 66 个个体。我们发现连续森林比碎片更大的生态多样性。相反，我们发现连续森林中的功能多样性低于片段中的功能多样性。分类多样性显示栖息地之间没有显着差异。森林破碎化通过破坏物种组成和功能影响蜘蛛的生物多样性，