School-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties in interpersonal relationships, in addition to impaired facial expression perception and recognition. For successful social interactions, the ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar faces is critical. However, there are no published reports on the recognition of familiar and unfamiliar faces by children with ADHD. We evaluated the neural correlates of familiar and unfamiliar facial recognition in children with ADHD compared to typically developing (TD) children. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure hemodynamic responses on the bilateral temporal regions while participants looked at photographs of familiar and unfamiliar faces. Nine boys with ADHD and 14 age-matched TD boys participated in the study. fNIRS data were Z-scored prior to analysis. During familiar face processing, TD children only showed significant activity in the late phase, while ADHD children showed significant activity in both the early and late phases. Additionally, the boys with ADHD did not show right hemispheric lateralization to familiar faces. This study is the first to assess brain activity during familiar face processing in boys with ADHD using fNIRS. These findings of atypical patterns of brain activity in boys with ADHD may be related to social cognitive impairments from ADHD.

中文翻译：

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多动症儿童对熟悉面孔的血流动力学反应

患有注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的学龄儿童除了面部表情感知和识别受损外，还存在人际关系困难。对于成功的社交互动，区分熟悉和陌生面孔的能力至关重要。然而，目前还没有关于多动症儿童识别熟悉和陌生面孔的报道。我们评估了 ADHD 儿童与正常发育 (TD) 儿童相比熟悉和不熟悉面部识别的神经相关性。我们使用功能性近红外光谱 (fNIRS) 来测量双侧颞区的血流动力学反应，同时参与者查看熟悉和不熟悉面孔的照片。九名患有多动症的男孩和 14 名年龄匹配的 TD 男孩参加了这项研究。fNIRS 数据在分析前进行了 Z 评分。在熟悉面孔处理过程中，TD儿童仅在晚期表现出显着活动，而ADHD儿童在早期和晚期均表现出显着活动。此外，患有多动症的男孩对熟悉的面孔没有表现出右半球偏侧。这项研究是第一个使用 fNIRS 评估 ADHD 男孩在熟悉面部处理过程中的大脑活动的研究。多动症男孩大脑活动非典型模式的这些发现可能与多动症引起的社会认知障碍有关。患有多动症的男孩对熟悉的面孔没有表现出右半球偏侧。这项研究是第一个使用 fNIRS 评估 ADHD 男孩在熟悉面部处理过程中的大脑活动的研究。多动症男孩大脑活动非典型模式的这些发现可能与多动症引起的社会认知障碍有关。患有多动症的男孩对熟悉的面孔没有表现出右半球偏侧。这项研究是第一个使用 fNIRS 评估 ADHD 男孩在熟悉面部处理过程中的大脑活动的研究。多动症男孩大脑活动非典型模式的这些发现可能与多动症引起的社会认知障碍有关。