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Tree diametric-species diversity is affected by human impact in old Scots pine dominated forest in boreal Fennoscandia
Forest Ecosystems ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-04 , DOI: 10.1186/s40663-020-0219-6
Gonzalo de Quesada , Timo Kuuluvainen

Forest structural and compositional variability is of fundamental importance for forest ecosystem functioning and species diversity. The purpose of this research was to examine how human impact has affected the compositional-structural diversity of mature pine-dominated boreal forest in boreal Fennoscandia. For this a new approach was used, based on the classification of tree sizes by the diameter at breast height (dbh) and tree species, resulting in a new variable, the diametric-species, the variation of which describes the compositional-structural diversity of the forest. This variable was used to compare the structural-compositional diversity among three forest classes with different degree of human influence, using rarefaction as the main tool of analysis, complemented by analyses based on common diversity indices. The results showed that the near-natural forest was the most diverse and the managed forest the least diverse. On the other hand, the diversity of near-natural and selectively logged forests were similar, suggesting that selectively logged forests are equal to the natural forest in their compositional-structural diversity. The analysis solely on tree species showed no significant differences among the forest classes of different human impact. The Shannon diversity index showed no significant difference between the forest classes for the diametric-species and tree species classifications only, but the Simpson index signaled a slight difference between the selectively logged and managed forest classes for the diametric-species classification. Furthermore, the Sorensen index detected a difference among forest classes in the diametric-species classification. Forest utilization had an adverse impact on forest compositional-structural diversity of mature Scots pine forests. The analysis also shows that the novel approach based on diametric-species classification could be a useful tool for forest diversity analysis and comparison, especially in species-poor forests such as the boreal forest.

中文翻译:

在北方的芬诺斯堪的亚,在苏格兰松树为主的老森林中,树木直径物种的多样性受到人类影响的影响

森林的结构和组成变异性对森林生态系统的功能和物种多样性至关重要。这项研究的目的是研究人类的影响如何影响北方芬诺斯堪迪亚州以松树为主的成熟北方森林的组成-结构多样性。为此,采用了一种新方法,该方法是根据树木大小按胸高(dbh)的直径和树木种类进行分类的,从而得出一个新变量,即直径物种,其变化形式描述了树种的组成-结构多样性。森林。该变量用于比较三种不同人类影响程度的森林类别之间的结构组成多样性,以稀疏性为主要分析工具,并辅以基于共同多样性指数的分析。结果表明,近天然林最多样化,而人工林最不多样化。另一方面,近乎自然采伐的森林和选择性采伐的森林的多样性相似,这表明选择性采伐的森林在组成-结构多样性上与天然森林相同。仅对树种的分析表明,在不同人类影响的森林类别之间没有显着差异。香农多样性指数显示,仅针对直径物种和树木物种分类的森林类别之间没有显着差异,但辛普森指数表明,针对直径物种分类的选择性采伐和管理森林类别之间的细微差异。此外,Sorensen指数在直径物种分类中发现了森林类别之间的差异。森林利用对成熟的苏格兰松树林的森林组成-结构多样性有不利影响。分析还表明,基于直径物种分类的新方法可能是进行森林多样性分析和比较的有用工具,尤其是在物种稀少的森林(如北方森林)中。
更新日期:2020-04-23
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