The temperature of a photovoltaic (PV) system is a critical factor in the photovoltaic conversion process; hence, the practical performance of a PV system significantly depends on its temperature. Several different methods exist for the determination of PV module temperature. In this study, thermography was employed to investigate the thermal behavior of different solar PV modules under outdoor operating conditions. It was observed that the temperature difference across the area of a PV module could reach as high as 12.5–14.8 °C depending on the type of PV module. Hence, the trends for the lowest and highest temperature were not predictable. Glass-to-glass non-frame PV modules exhibited the highest temperature gradients compared to glass-to-Tedlar non-frame modules. The observed temperature gradients demonstrated that measuring the temperature at a single point on the module was not sufficient to accurately represent the temperature over the entirety of the PV module.

中文翻译：

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通过热成像分析不同太阳能光伏组件的热行为

光伏（PV）系统的温度是光伏转换过程中的关键因素；因此，光伏系统的实际性能很大程度上取决于其温度。有几种不同的方法可用于确定 PV 模块温度。在这项研究中，热成像被用来研究不同太阳能光伏组件在室外操作条件下的热行为。据观察，根据 PV 模块的类型，PV 模块区域的温差可能高达 12.5-14.8 °C。因此，最低和最高温度的趋势是不可预测的。与玻璃到 Tedlar 非框架组件相比，玻璃到玻璃非框架光伏组件表现出最高的温度梯度。