Investigation of the cellular metabolic pathways of immune cells, or immunometabolism, is a field of increasing interest. An understanding of immunometabolism provides routes to modifying T cell function for therapeutic purposes. Here, we review immunometabolism with a specific focus on regulatory T cells (Tregs). While T cells are known to switch their metabolic profile from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis upon activation, in vitro-induced Tregs display alternate metabolic characteristics which may be related to their specialised suppressive function. Recent data suggest that the preferential pathways employed by Tregs differ in vivo and ex vivo. Metabolic 'harshness', particularly the deterioration of glycolysis, positively affects Treg differentiation and function, while negatively correlating with Treg clonal expansion and migratory capacity. These context-dependent findings provide new insights into the behaviour of Tregs with implications for both tumour immunology and autoimmunity. This review examines the field in detail, offering an overview of our current understanding of Treg immunometabolism.

中文翻译：

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不同的代谢途径介导调节性 T 细胞分化和功能。

免疫细胞或免疫代谢的细胞代谢途径的研究是一个越来越受关注的领域。对免疫代谢的理解为出于治疗目的修改 T 细胞功能提供了途径。在这里，我们回顾了免疫代谢，特别关注调节性 T 细胞 (Tregs)。虽然已知 T 细胞在激活后会将其代谢特征从氧化磷酸化转变为有氧糖酵解，但体外诱导的 Treg 显示出替代代谢特征，这可能与其专门的抑制功能有关。最近的数据表明，Tregs 采用的优先途径在体内和体外不同。代谢“严酷”，尤其是糖酵解的恶化，对 Treg 分化和功能产生积极影响，同时与 Treg 克隆扩增和迁移能力呈负相关。这些依赖于背景的发现为 Tregs 的行为提供了新的见解，对肿瘤免疫学和自身免疫都有影响。这篇综述详细研究了该领域，概述了我们目前对 Treg 免疫代谢的理解。