Precision oncology defines an approach to personalized medicine that uses technological advances in genomics and molecular profiling of tumors and individuals to develop mechanism-based therapeutics designed to improve clinical outcomes. Moving the characterization of cancers from their historical histology base toward a more molecular orientation has resulted in many new approaches to data acquisition and utilization aimed at developing new therapies. These approaches include the use of functional data and informatics to identify targetable driver mutations, efficient means of gathering clinical outcomes data from N-of-1 studies and nontraditional trial designs, new statistical methods applied to bucket trials of genomically targeted drugs, and the use of large and complex datasets to develop consistent guidelines for patient care. These innovations may largely replace the highly individualized approach to genetic and genomic assessment of patients and their tumors that makes traditional statistical analyses of large randomized trials and clinical endpoints difficult (1).

中文翻译：

---

进一步定义杰出的癌症应对者。

精密肿瘤学定义了一种个性化医学的方法，该方法利用基因组学以及肿瘤和个体的分子谱分析技术的进步来开发旨在改善临床结果的基于机制的疗法。将癌症的特征从其历史组织学基础转向更加分子化的方向，已经导致了许多旨在开发新疗法的数据采集和利用新方法。这些方法包括使用功能性数据和信息学来识别可靶向的驱动程序突变，从N-of-1中收集临床结果数据的有效方法研究和非传统试验设计，适用于基因组靶向药物的桶试验的新统计方法，以及使用大型和复杂数据集制定一致的患者护理指南。这些创新可能会在很大程度上取代对患者及其肿瘤进行遗传和基因组评估的高度个性化方法，这使得对大型随机试验和临床终点进行传统统计分析变得困难（1）。