Hyperpolarization techniques that can transiently boost nuclear spin polarization are generally carried out at low temperature - as in the case of dynamic nuclear polarization - or at high temperature in the gaseous state - as in the case of optically pumped noble gases. This review aims at describing the various issues and challenges that have been encountered during dissolution of hyperpolarized species, and solutions to these problems that have been or are currently proposed in the literature. During the transport of molecules from the polarizer to the NMR detection region, and when the hyperpolarized species or a precursor of hyperpolarization (e.g. parahydrogen) is introduced into the solution of interest, several obstacles need to be overcome to keep a high level of final magnetization. The choice of the magnetic field, the design of the dissolution setup, and ways to isolate hyperpolarized compounds from relaxation agents will be presented. Due to the non-equilibrium character of the hyperpolarization, new NMR pulse sequences that perform better than the classical ones will be described. Finally, three applications in the field of biology will be briefly mentioned.

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在 NMR 中使用溶解的超极化物质：实际考虑

可以瞬时增强核自旋极化的超极化技术通常在低温下进行 - 如动态核极化的情况 - 或在气态的高温下进行 - 如光泵惰性气体的情况。本综述旨在描述在超极化物质溶解过程中遇到的各种问题和挑战，以及文献中已经或目前提出的这些问题的解决方案。在分子从偏振器传输到 NMR 检测区域的过程中，以及当超极化物质或超极化前体（例如副氢）被引入感兴趣的溶液时，需要克服几个障碍以保持高水平的最终磁化. 磁场的选择，将介绍溶出装置的设计，以及从松弛剂中分离超极化化合物的方法。由于超极化的非平衡特性，将描述性能优于经典脉冲序列的新 NMR 脉冲序列。最后，将简要提及生物学领域的三个应用。