Glyphosate based herbicides are the most commonly used herbicide in the world. We aimed to determine whether glyphosate (Gly) induces epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) - related changes in a human endometrial carcinoma cell line (Ishikawa cells), and whether the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway is involved in these changes. Ishikawa cells were exposed to Gly (0.2 μM and 2 μM) or 17β-estradiol (E2: 10-9 M). We detected that Gly increased cell migration and invasion ability compared to vehicle, as did E2. Moreover, a down regulation of E-cadherin mRNA expression was determined in response to Gly, similar to E2-effects. These results show that Gly promotes EMT-related changes in Ishikawa cells. When an ER antagonist (Fulvestrant: 10-7 M) was co-administrated with Gly, all changes were reversed, suggesting that Gly might promote EMT-related changes via ER-dependent pathway. Our results are interesting evidences of Gly effects on endometrial cancer progression via the ER-dependent pathway.

中文翻译：

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草甘膦通过雌激素受体途径诱导人子宫内膜石川细胞上皮间质转化相关变化。

基于草甘膦的除草剂是世界上最常用的除草剂。我们旨在确定草甘膦（Gly）是否诱导人子宫内膜癌细胞系（Ishikawa细胞）中的上皮间质转化（EMT）相关变化，以及这些变化是否涉及雌激素受体（ER）途径。将石川细胞暴露于Gly（0.2μM和2μM）或17β-雌二醇（E2：10-9 M）。我们检测到，与载体相比，Gly增强了细胞迁移和侵袭的能力，E2也是如此。而且，响应于Gly，确定了E-钙粘蛋白mRNA表达的下调，类似于E2效应。这些结果表明，Gly促进了石川细胞中与EMT相关的改变。当ER拮抗剂（Fulvestrant：10-7 M）与Gly并用时，所有变化都被逆转，提示Gly可能通过ER依赖性途径促进EMT相关变化。我们的结果是Gly通过ER依赖性途径对子宫内膜癌进展的有趣证据。