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Physiological response of potted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to precision irrigation and fertilizer
Scientia Horticulturae ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109417
Zongyan Li , Charles Fontanier , Bruce L. Dunn

Abstract This study was conducted to analyze the effect of varying levels of irrigation and fertilizer on the growth and development of potted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ‘Choco Sun’). Irrigation was applied automatically to maintain targeted rootzone water potentials representing excess (−5 kPa), normal (−10 kPa), or limited (−15 kPa) irrigation. Controlled-release fertilizer (15N-3.9P-10K) was applied at a rate of 6, 12, or 18 g per pot. The two factors were randomized in a factorial design resulting in nine treatment combinations. Five growth parameters and six photosynthesis indices were used to evaluate the growth and development differences within treatments. There were no significant interactions for photosynthetic parameters except intercellular CO2 concentration. Irrigation and fertilizer main effects did not affect the final plant height, although −15 kPa/18 g treatment increased plant height during the vegetative phase. For −5 kPa, stem diameter was thickened, varying from 1.26 to 1.30 cm. Higher fertilizer rates accelerated flower bud differentiation and inflorescence development within −15 kPa treatments. These plants also demonstrated increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) chlorophyll concentration (SPAD). Water use efficiency (WUE) was greatly improved with −15 kPa although this generally restricted the biomass accumulation despite higher photosynthetic activity. In conclusion, ‘Choco Sun’ sunflower should be grown at −10 kPa and at least 12 g of fertilizer to maintain adequate size.

中文翻译:

盆栽向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)对精准灌溉施肥的生理反应

摘要 本研究旨在分析不同水平的灌溉和施肥对盆栽向日葵(Helianthus annuus L. 'Choco Sun')生长发育的影响。自动应用灌溉以维持代表过量 (-5 kPa)、正常 (-10 kPa) 或有限 (-15 kPa) 灌溉的目标根区水势。控释肥料 (15N-3.9P-10K) 的施用量为每盆 6、12 或 18 克。这两个因素在因子设计中随机化,产生九种治疗组合。五个生长参数和六个光合作用指数用于评估处理内的生长和发育差异。除了细胞间二氧化碳浓度外,光合参数没有显着的相互作用。尽管 -15 kPa/18 g 处理在营养阶段增加了植物高度,但灌溉和施肥的主效应不影响最终株高。对于 -5 kPa,茎直径变厚,从 1.26 厘米到 1.30 厘米不等。在-15 kPa 处理内,较高的施肥量加速了花芽分化和花序发育。这些植物还表现出增加的净光合速率 (Pn)、气孔导度 (Gs) 叶绿素浓度 (SPAD)。-15 kPa 大大提高了水分利用效率(WUE),尽管这通常限制了生物量的积累,尽管光合活性更高。总之,'Choco Sun' 向日葵应该在 -10 kPa 和至少 12 g 的肥料下种植,以保持足够的大小。对于 -5 kPa,茎直径变厚,从 1.26 厘米到 1.30 厘米不等。在-15 kPa 处理内,较高的施肥量加速了花芽分化和花序发育。这些植物还表现出增加的净光合速率 (Pn)、气孔导度 (Gs) 叶绿素浓度 (SPAD)。-15 kPa 大大提高了水分利用效率(WUE),尽管这通常限制了生物量的积累,尽管光合活性更高。总之,'Choco Sun' 向日葵应该在 -10 kPa 和至少 12 g 的肥料下种植以保持足够的大小。对于 -5 kPa,茎直径变厚,从 1.26 厘米到 1.30 厘米不等。在-15 kPa 处理内,较高的施肥量加速了花芽分化和花序发育。这些植物还表现出增加的净光合速率 (Pn)、气孔导度 (Gs) 叶绿素浓度 (SPAD)。-15 kPa 大大提高了水分利用效率(WUE),尽管这通常限制了生物量的积累,尽管光合活性更高。总之,'Choco Sun' 向日葵应该在 -10 kPa 和至少 12 g 的肥料下种植以保持足够的大小。这些植物还表现出增加的净光合速率 (Pn)、气孔导度 (Gs) 叶绿素浓度 (SPAD)。-15 kPa 大大提高了水分利用效率(WUE),尽管这通常限制了生物量的积累,尽管光合活性更高。总之,'Choco Sun' 向日葵应该在 -10 kPa 和至少 12 g 的肥料下种植以保持足够的大小。这些植物还表现出增加的净光合速率 (Pn)、气孔导度 (Gs) 叶绿素浓度 (SPAD)。-15 kPa 大大提高了水分利用效率(WUE),尽管这通常限制了生物量的积累,尽管光合活性更高。总之,'Choco Sun' 向日葵应该在 -10 kPa 和至少 12 g 的肥料下种植以保持足够的大小。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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