For restoration to be an effective strategy to reverse large‐scale habitat loss and land degradation, funding programs need policies that promote selection of and commitment to projects that can reasonably be expected to succeed. Programmatic project selection practices have received minimal formal evaluation, despite their importance. In this study, we considered the extent to which a program needs to consider both ecological and organizational factors during project selection in order to minimize the incidence of project failure. Our assessment of a long‐term program that funds ecological restoration efforts across Minnesota (U.S.A.), based on project records, manager surveys, and field surveys, yielded several broadly relevant insights. First, factors well understood to confer ecological resilience (level of landscape alteration and starting condition) were clearly associated with restoration outcomes, regardless of time‐since‐initiation of restoration. Second, restoration of low‐resilience ecosystems is typically a labor‐ and skill‐intensive enterprise for organizations that undertake them. Our analysis revealed four organizational limitations, in addition to insufficient funds, that hindered capacity to keep projects on‐track: lack of planning and goal‐setting, inadequate staffing, leadership change, and incomplete records. Third, to reduce risk, programs do not necessarily need to avoid challenging projects, but do need to consider whether organizations proposing restorations have adequate internal capacity to competently plan and to sustain actions for a duration sufficient to restore ecological resilience. If a restoration is degraded enough to require human intervention to recover, the outcome of a project is as likely to reflect its organizational reality as much as its ecological circumstances.

中文翻译：

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根据组织和生态因素预测恢复结果

为了使恢复成为扭转大规模生境丧失和土地退化的有效策略，筹资计划需要制定政策，以促进对合理可望成功的项目的选择和承诺。尽管程序性项目选择做法很重要，但对其的正式评估很少。在这项研究中，我们考虑了一个项目在项目选择过程中需要同时考虑生态和组织因素的程度，以最大程度地减少项目失败的发生率。我们根据项目记录，经理调查和实地调查对一项长期计划的评估进行了评估，该计划为整个明尼苏达州（美国）的生态恢复工作提供资金，得出了一些广泛相关的见解。第一，众所周知，赋予生态恢复力的因素（景观变化水平和起始条件）与恢复结果显然相关，而与恢复时间-开始时间无关。其次，对于具有低复原力的生态系统而言，恢复低生态系统通常是一项劳动和技能密集型企业。我们的分析显示，除了资金不足外，还有四个组织上的局限性，这些局限性阻碍了项目按计划进行的能力：缺乏计划和目标设定，人员配备不足，领导层更替以及记录不完整。第三，为了降低风险，计划不一定需要避免挑战性项目，但必须考虑提议修复的组织是否具有足够的内部能力来胜任规划和维持行动的时间足以恢复生态适应力。如果修复体退化到足以需要人工干预才能恢复的程度，那么项目的结果就很可能反映出组织的实际情况以及生态环境。