Basaltic lava flows are common on the surface of the Earth and other terrestrial bodies. However, inflation—including a combination of initially rapid molten core thickening and gradual crustal growth—must be accounted for to enable accurate reconstructions of eruption parameters from observed lava flow morphologies. The shape of an inflated lava flow can change significantly over time. Therefore, incorrectly attributing the flow's final thickness to its dimensions in an initially fully molten state will yield excessively high flow rates, erroneous rheological properties, and unreasonably short eruption durations. To develop improved criteria for identifying inflated lava flows, we examined the McCartys lava flow field in New Mexico, USA. This locality provides an example of how pāhoehoe‐like lava lobes can coalesce and coinflate to form interconnected lava‐rise plateaus with internal inflation pits. These structures were examined using a combination of field observations, low‐altitude kite‐based imaging, and quantitative geomorphology using high‐resolution (1.47 cm/pixel) orthomosaics and stereo‐derived digital terrain models. These observations were used to identify characteristics and diagnostics of inflation, thereby facilitating the interpretation of comparable landforms on other planetary surfaces. Lava‐cooling models were also used to estimate the lava emplacement duration of the ~20‐m‐thick flows by demonstrating that the ~8‐m‐thick upper crust exposed within inflation clefts in the southern part of the McCartys lava flow field would have required 1.2–2.5 years of continuous lava supply to form. This places a minimum bound on the total eruption duration, and implies that comparably thick inflated flows on Mars required years to form.

中文翻译：

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新墨西哥州麦卡蒂斯熔岩流场中的熔岩上升高原和通货膨胀坑：行星表面类似Phoehoehoe的熔岩流的类似物

玄武岩熔岩流在地球和其他陆体表面很常见。但是，必须考虑膨胀（包括最初快速的熔融岩心增稠和地壳逐渐生长的组合），以能够根据观察到的熔岩流形态准确重建喷发参数。随着时间的流逝，膨胀的熔岩流的形状会发生显着变化。因此，在初始完全熔融状态下将流的最终厚度错误地归因于其尺寸会产生过高的流速，错误的流变特性和不合理的短喷发持续时间。为了开发用于识别膨胀的熔岩流的改进标准，我们检查了美国新墨西哥州的McCartys熔岩流场。这个地方提供了一个例子，证明类似phoehoe的熔岩裂片如何聚结并共同膨胀，从而形成带有内部充气坑的相互联系的熔岩上升高原。这些结构是通过现场观察，基于低空风筝的成像以及使用高分辨率（1.47厘米/像素）的正马赛克和立体派生的数字地形模型的定量地貌相结合进行检查的。这些观测结果被用于识别通货膨胀的特征和诊断，从而有助于解释其他行星表面可比地貌。熔岩冷却模型还被用来通过估计麦卡蒂斯熔岩流场南部的通货膨胀裂缝中暴露出的约8微米厚的上地壳来估计约20米厚的流的熔岩沉积持续时间。要求1.2–2。连续5年形成熔岩供应。这对总的喷发持续时间设置了最小限度，并暗示在火星上形成相当大的膨胀流需要几年的时间。