OBJECTIVE The neck area of zirconia implants or abutments is currently either machined, polished and in some cases additionally heat-treated. The aim of the present study was to determine how the surface topography and crystalline structure of zirconia affects the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). METHODS Zirconia discs with a diameter of 13mm were either polished [Zp], polished and heat-treated [Zpt], machined [Zm], machined and heat-treated [Zmt] or sandblasted, etched and heat-treated [Z14] which is the surface topography of the endosseous part of a zirconia implant. The specimen surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), characterized in terms of monoclinic to tetragonal phase ratio, storage effect on wettability and roughness. The viability and morphology of HGF-1 cells was then tested on all surfaces after 24h. RESULTS The effect of the heat-treatment was visualized for the polished specimens with SEM. Contact angle of water was significantly decreased after 2 weeks air storage of the zirconia. Cell viability was significantly higher on smooth surfaces (Zpt, Zm, Zmt) when compared to Z14. HGF-1 cells spread very flat and attached tightly to the smoother surfaces Zp, Zpt, Zm and Zmt while on Z14, cells did not fully extend into the etched morphology of zirconia and stretched over longer distances. SIGNIFICANCE For the structuring of the neck part of zirconia implants or abutments, a smooth surface with exposed grains might be suggested as the optimal substrate for human gingival fibroblasts. The wettability with water of zirconia decreases with prolonged air storage.

中文翻译：

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氧化锆的表面结构化以增加成纤维细胞的活力。

目的目前，对氧化锆植入物或基台的颈部进行机械加工，抛光和在某些情况下进行额外的热处理。本研究的目的是确定氧化锆的表面形貌和晶体结构如何影响人类牙龈成纤维细胞（HGF-1）的活力。方法对直径为13mm的氧化锆圆盘进行抛光[Zp]，抛光和热处理[Zpt]，机械加工[Zm]，机械加工和热处理[Zmt]或喷砂，蚀刻和热处理[Z14]氧化锆植入物骨内部分的表面形貌。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析样品表面，其特征在于单斜晶相与四方晶之比，对润湿性和粗糙度的储存效应。然后在24小时后在所有表面上测试HGF-1细胞的活力和形态。结果热处理效果通过SEM可视化。储氧2周后，水的接触角显着降低。与Z14相比，在光滑表面（Zpt，Zm，Zmt）上的细胞活力明显更高。HGF-1细胞非常平坦地散布并紧密附着在较光滑的表面Zp，Zpt，Zm和Zmt上，而在Z14上，细胞并未完全延伸到氧化锆的蚀刻形态中，并延伸了更长的距离。意义对于氧化锆植入物或基台的颈部结构而言，可能建议使用带有裸露晶粒的光滑表面作为人类牙龈成纤维细胞的最佳基质。氧化锆与水的润湿性会随着空气储存时间的延长而降低。