Background

Obesity is a rapidly growing concern worldwide, with over one-third of the global population classified as overweight or obese. While significant research has focused on developing new and improved nutritional and dietary approaches for regulating energy intake, there has been little success in overcoming the rising obesity statistics. Consequently, increasing attention is being afforded to designing safe, inexpensive and highly efficacious food-based materials that control fat and carbohydrate bioavailability in order to successfully manage the nutritional value of our food and combat chronic diseases associated with obesity, such as heart disease and diabetes.

Scope & approach

This review focuses on bioactive and nanostructured materials that have been shown to regulate energy intake by (i) manipulating the fat digestion process, and/or (ii) restricting the absorption of fat digestion products into the systemic bloodstream. The mechanistic approach of such technologies will be discussed in detail, with corresponding preclinical and clinical findings highlighted, to provide insights for the design and development of future anti-obesity therapeutics.

Key findings & conclusions

Bioactive materials that regulate the fat digestion and absorption process have revealed promising preclinical and clinical findings with respects to modulating calorie intake and thus, weight gain. Insights derived from this review suggest materials that adsorb fat/fat digestion products, rather than interfering with enzyme action, are the most promising therapies, due to their ability to overcome the adverse effects associated with orlistat (the only FDA approved anti-obesity therapy with a localized mechanism of action within the gastrointestinal tract).

中文翻译：

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调节脂肪消化以治疗肥胖的生物材料

背景

肥胖是世界范围内迅速增长的关注点，超过三分之一的全球人口被归类为超重或肥胖。尽管大量研究集中在开发新的和改进的营养和饮食方法来调节能量摄入，但克服肥胖统计数据的成功很少。因此，人们越来越关注设计安全，廉价和高效的食品基材料，这些材料可控制脂肪和碳水化合物的生物利用度，以便成功管理我们食品的营养价值并防治与肥胖相关的慢性疾病，例如心脏病和糖尿病。

范围和方法

这篇综述着重于生物活性和纳米结构材料，这些材料已被证明可以通过（i）操纵脂肪消化过程和/或（ii）限制脂肪消化产物吸收到全身血液中来调节能量的摄入。将详细讨论此类技术的机械方法，并着重强调相应的临床前和临床发现，以为未来的抗肥胖疗法的设计和开发提供见识。

主要发现和结论

调节脂肪消化和吸收过程的生物活性材料在调节卡路里摄入量和体重增加方面已显示出令人鼓舞的临床前和临床发现。这篇综述得出的见解表明，吸收脂肪/脂肪消化产物而不是干扰酶作用的材料是最有前途的疗法，因为它们具有克服与奥利司他有关的不良反应的能力（唯一的FDA批准的抗肥胖疗法在胃肠道内的局部作用机制）。