The functional and optimal expression of genes is crucial for survival of all living organisms. Numerous experiments and efforts have been performed to reveal the mechanisms required for the functional and optimal expression of human genes. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has evolved independently of humans for billions of years. Nevertheless, S. cerevisiae has many conserved genes and expression mechanisms that are similar to those in humans. Yeast is the most commonly used model organism for studying the function and expression mechanisms of human genes because it has a relatively simple genome structure, which is easy to manipulate. Many previous studies have focused on understanding the functions and mechanisms of human proteins using orthologous genes and biological systems of yeast. In this review, we mainly introduce two recent studies that replaced human genes and nucleosomes with those of yeast. Here, we suggest that, although yeast is a relatively small eukaryotic cell, its humanization is useful for the direct study of human proteins. In addition, yeast can be used as a model organism in a broader range of studies, including drug screening.

中文翻译：

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使用人源化酵母对人类蛋白质进行功能研究。

基因的功能性和最佳表达对于所有活生物体的生存至关重要。已经进行了许多实验和努力以揭示人类基因的功能和最佳表达所需的机制。酵母酿酒酵母已发展成独立的人类数十亿年。尽管如此，酿酒酵母具有许多与人类相似的保守基因和表达机制。酵母是研究人类基因功能和表达机制的最常用模型生物，因为它具有相对简单的基因组结构，易于操作。以前的许多研究都集中在利用直系同源基因和酵母生物系统了解人类蛋白质的功能和机制。在这篇综述中，我们主要介绍两项最近的研究，用酵母替代人类基因和核小体。在这里，我们建议，尽管酵母是一个相对较小的真核细胞，但其人源化可用于直接研究人蛋白质。另外，酵母可以在包括药物筛选在内的更广泛的研究中用作模型生物。