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Clathrate III (Bromine Hydrate): Structural Relationship with Clathrate I.
ChemPhysChem ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000195
Anatoly A Pomeransky 1
Affiliation  

Tetragonal structure of clathrate III (TS−I) is found in bromine hydrate, ionic hydrates, in particular, in hydrates of tetraalkylammonium salts, as well as in clathrate compounds of the group IV elements (‘Zintl clathrates’). In this paper new description of this clathrate structure is suggested. Main structural unit in this description is ‘4‐column’, the set of four nearest columns of 14‐hedral T‐cages together with its internal filling by the pillar of mutually orthogonal pairs of T‐cages. Comparison based on this new description of clathrate III and clathrate I (CS−I) shows that 4‐column is maximal common structural element of these two structures. On this ground it is argued that clathrate III can be considered as a modification of the clathrate I, formed as a result of multiple interruption of clathrate I crystal growth. At the same time, it is shown that due to crucial differences between these two structures there does not exist structural or reconstructive phase transition between them. Integral character of 4‐columns as the structural units of clathrate III is confirmed by the analysis of the most studied case of ionic hydrates of tetraalkylammonium salts in which guest molecules occupy simultaneously T‐cages in outer columns and inner T‐cages. This analysis allows also to state important hypothesis that in general case for formation of clathrate III crystals presence of special guest molecules occupying several cages (or special ions in the host lattice) is necessary.

中文翻译:

包合物III(溴水合物):与包合物I的结构关系。

包合物III(TS-1)的四方结构存在于溴水合物,离子水合物中,特别是在四烷基铵盐的水合物中,以及在IV组元素的包合物中('Zintl包合物')。在本文中,提出了对该笼形结构的新描述。本说明中的主要结构单元为“ 4列”,即四个最近的14面T形笼的列的集合,以及内部由相互正交的T形笼对的支柱填充的内部。根据笼形III和笼形I(CS-I)的新描述进行的比较表明,四柱是这两种结构的最大共同结构元素。以此为基础,有人认为笼形物III可以看作是笼形物I的一种修饰,是由于笼形物I晶体生长多次中断而形成的。同时,结果表明,由于这两种结构之间的关键差异,它们之间不存在结构或重构相变。通过对四烷基铵盐离子水合物的研究最多的案例的分析,可以确定4柱作为笼形盐III的结构单元的整体特征,其中客体分子同时在外柱和内T笼中占据T笼。该分析还提出了重要的假设,即在一般情况下,为了形成包合物III晶体,必须存在占据几个笼(或主晶格中的特殊离子)的特殊客体分子。通过对四烷基铵盐离子水合物的研究最多的案例的分析,可以确定4柱作为笼形盐III的结构单元的整体特征,其中客体分子同时在外柱和内T笼中占据T笼。该分析还提出了重要的假设,即在一般情况下,为了形成包合物III晶体,必须存在占据几个笼(或主晶格中的特殊离子)的特殊客体分子。通过对四烷基铵盐离子水合物的研究最多的案例的分析,可以确定4柱作为笼形盐III的结构单元的整体特征,其中客体分子同时在外柱和内T笼中占据T笼。该分析还提出了重要的假设,即在一般情况下,为了形成包合物III晶体,必须存在占据几个笼(或主晶格中的特殊离子)的特殊客体分子。
更新日期:2020-06-30
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