Since the end of the 19th century, the circumpolar fauna of freshwater Mollusca has not been reviewed despite the substantial increase of knowledge on this subject. A review of the freshwater mollusks of the Arctic based on an analysis of published data, own results and examination of museum collections is presented. 104 species of Mollusca have been registered, which constitutes less than 2% of the global diversity. The actual diversity of the Circumpolar freshwater molluscs may lie between 100 and 120 species. No endemic taxa are found in the Arctic. The most species-rich Arctic subregion is Siberia, whereas the North America maintains the poorest fauna. The aquatic malacofauna of Beringia is similar to that of North America, and Beringia as a biogeographic region constitutes a part of the Nearctic. The ways of formation of the Circumpolar malacofauna are discussed, with evaluation of dispersal, adaptation, and environmental filtering as the faunogenesis factors. The number of non-alien species in the Circumpolar freshwater malacofauna remains very low, and only one reliable occurrence of an alien species is known. Among the Arctic molluscs only three have a conservation status other than ‘least concern’ or ‘data deficient’, whereas most resident species are widespread and abundant.

中文翻译：

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北极圈淡水软体动物：分类、多样性和生物地理学综述

自 19 世纪末以来，尽管有关这一主题的知识大量增加，但尚未对淡水软体动物的极地动物群进行审查。根据对已发表数据的分析、自己的结果和对博物馆藏品的检查，对北极淡水软体动物进行了回顾。已登记的软体动物有 104 种，占全球多样性的不到 2%。环极淡水软体动物的实际多样性可能介于 100 到 120 种之间。在北极没有发现地方性分类群。物种最丰富的北极次区域是西伯利亚，而北美的动物群最贫乏。白令岛的水生动物群与北美洲相似，白令岛作为生物地理区域构成近北区的一部分。讨论了环极马拉科动物群的形成方式，以扩散、适应和环境过滤作为动物群发生因素的评估。环极淡水马拉科动物群中非外来物种的数量仍然非常少，并且已知只有一种可靠的外来物种出现。在北极软体动物中，只有三种具有除“最不受关注”或“数据不足”之外的保护状态，而大多数常驻物种分布广泛且数量丰富。