Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by a loss of neurons within the peripheral or central nervous system. Inadequate repairability in the central nervous system and failure of treatments are the significant hurdles for several neurological diseases. The regenerative potential of stem cells drew the attention of researchers to cell-based therapy for treating neurodegenerative diseases. The clinical application of stem cells may help to substitute new cells and overcome the inability of the endogenous repairing system to repair the damaged brain. However, the clinical application induced pluripotent stem cells are restricted due to the risk of tumor formation by residual undifferentiated upon transplantation. In this focused review, we briefly discussed different stem cells currently being studied for therapeutic development. Moreover, we present supporting evidence for the utilization of stem cell therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Also, we described the key issues that should be considered to transplantation of stem cells for different neurodegenerative diseases. In our conclusion, stem cell therapy probably would be the only treatment strategy that offers a cure for neurodegenerative disease. Although, further study is required to identify ideal stem cells candidate, dosing and the ideal method of cell transplantation. We suggest that all grafted cells would be transgenically armed with a molecular kill-switch that could be activated by the event of adverse side effects.

中文翻译：

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干细胞治疗神经退行性疾病的治疗潜力

神经退行性疾病是由外周或中枢神经系统内的神经元丢失引起的。中枢神经系统的可修复性不足和治疗失败是几种神经系统疾病的重要障碍。干细胞的再生潜力引起了研究人员对用于治疗神经退行性疾病的细胞疗法的关注。干细胞的临床应用可能有助于替代新细胞，克服内源性修复系统无法修复受损大脑的问题。然而，由于移植后残留未分化形成肿瘤的风险，诱导多能干细胞的临床应用受到限制。在这篇重点综述中，我们简要讨论了目前正在研究用于治疗开发的不同干细胞。而且，我们提供了利用干细胞疗法治疗神经退行性疾病的支持证据。此外，我们还描述了针对不同神经退行性疾病的干细胞移植应考虑的关键问题。在我们的结论中，干细胞疗法可能是唯一可以治愈神经退行性疾病的治疗策略。尽管如此，还需要进一步研究以确定理想的干细胞候选者、剂量和理想的细胞移植方法。我们建议所有移植的细胞都将配备一个分子杀伤开关，该开关可以在出现不良副作用时被激活。我们描述了针对不同神经退行性疾病的干细胞移植应考虑的关键问题。在我们的结论中，干细胞疗法可能是唯一可以治愈神经退行性疾病的治疗策略。尽管如此，还需要进一步研究以确定理想的干细胞候选者、剂量和理想的细胞移植方法。我们建议所有移植的细胞都将配备一个分子杀伤开关，该开关可以在出现不良副作用时被激活。我们描述了针对不同神经退行性疾病的干细胞移植应考虑的关键问题。在我们的结论中，干细胞疗法可能是唯一可以治愈神经退行性疾病的治疗策略。尽管如此，还需要进一步研究以确定理想的干细胞候选者、剂量和理想的细胞移植方法。我们建议所有移植的细胞都将配备一个分子杀伤开关，该开关可以在出现不良副作用时被激活。剂量和细胞移植的理想方法。我们建议所有移植的细胞都将配备一个分子杀伤开关，该开关可以在出现不良副作用时被激活。剂量和细胞移植的理想方法。我们建议所有移植的细胞都将配备一个分子杀伤开关，该开关可以在出现不良副作用时被激活。