Abstract Tens of thousands of DNA lesions are formed in mammalian cells each day. DNA translesion synthesis is the main mechanism of cell defense against unrepaired DNA lesions. DNA polymerases iota (Pol ι), eta (Pol η), kappa (Pol κ), and zeta (Pol ζ) have active sites that are less stringent toward the DNA template structure and efficiently incorporate nucleotides opposite DNA lesions. However, these polymerases display low accuracy of DNA synthesis and can introduce mutations in genomic DNA. Impaired functioning of these enzymes can lead to an increased risk of cancer.

中文翻译：

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Translesion DNA 合成和致癌作用

摘要 每天在哺乳动物细胞中形成数以万计的 DNA 损伤。DNA跨损伤合成是细胞防御未修复DNA损伤的主要机制。DNA 聚合酶 iota (Pol ι)、eta (Pol η)、kappa (Pol κ) 和 zeta (Pol ζ) 具有对 DNA 模板结构不太严格的活性位点，并有效地结合 DNA 损伤对面的核苷酸。然而，这些聚合酶的 DNA 合成准确性较低，并且可以在基因组 DNA 中引入突变。这些酶的功能受损会导致患癌症的风险增加。