A wide range of toxic chemicals is currently released into the environmental in terms of airborne, aquatic and solid wastes due to the rapid international globalization and industrialization. Thus, a sensitive, reliable and cost-effective sensor platform for emerging environmental pollutants is of great importance. The considerable advancements have been made on the successful electrochemical sensor and biosensor platforms based on nanomaterials for environmental applications. In the present review, the recent trends in the development of the electrochemical sensor platforms based on state-of-the-art nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, polymer and biomaterials are assessed. The unique synthetic approaches, properties, integration strategies, selected sensing applications and future prospects of these nanostructured materials for the design of advanced sensor platforms are also highlighted. The significant development of the nanomaterials based electrochemical sensor platforms is giving rise to new impetus of generating novel technologies for securing the human and environmental safety.

由于迅速的国际全球化和工业化，目前有大量的有毒化学物质以空气传播，水生和固体废物的形式释放到环境中。因此，对于新兴的环境污染物而言，灵敏，可靠且具有成本效益的传感器平台非常重要。基于环境应用的基于纳米材料的成功的电化学传感器和生物传感器平台已经取得了相当大的进步。在本综述中，评估了基于最先进的纳米材料（如金属纳米颗粒，金属氧化物纳米材料，碳纳米材料，聚合物和生物材料）的电化学传感器平台的最新发展趋势。独特的合成方法，特性，整合策略，还着重介绍了这些纳米结构材料在某些先进的传感器平台设计中的选定传感应用和未来前景。基于纳米材料的电化学传感器平台的重大发展正在推动产生新技术的新动力，以确保人类和环境安全。