Acral lentiginous melanoma is a histological subtype of cutaneous melanoma that occurs in the glabrous skin of the palms, soles and the nail unit. Although in some countries, particularly in Latin America, Africa and Asia, it represents the most frequently diagnosed subtype of the disease, it only represents a small proportion of melanoma cases in European‐descent populations, which is partially why it has not been studied to the same extent as other forms of melanoma. As a result, its unique genomic drivers remain comparatively poorly explored, as well as its causes, with current evidence supporting a UV‐independent path to tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the aetiology and diagnostic criteria of acral lentiginous melanoma, as well as its epidemiological and histopathological characteristics. We also describe what is known about the genomic landscape of this disease and review the available biological models to explore potential therapeutic targets.

中文翻译：

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肢端黑色素瘤：一种未被充分研究的疾病的基本事实、生物学特征和研究前景。

肢端黑色素瘤是皮肤黑色素瘤的一种组织学亚型，发生在手掌、足底和指甲单位的无毛皮肤中。尽管在一些国家，特别是在拉丁美洲、非洲和亚洲，它代表了最常被诊断出的疾病亚型，但它仅占欧洲人后裔人群黑色素瘤病例的一小部分，这也是为什么尚未对其进行研究的部分原因与其他形式的黑色素瘤的程度相同。因此，其独特的基因组驱动因素及其原因的研究相对较少，目前的证据支持不依赖于紫外线的肿瘤发生途径。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肢端黑色素瘤的病因学和诊断标准的最新知识，以及其流行病学和组织病理学特征。