The polyamic acid (PAA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blends electrospun fibers were prepared by electrospinning method. PAA with high carbon conversion served as carbon nanofibers; PVP with low carbon conversion served as porogenic sacrificial agent. Then, the PAA-PVP-based carbon nanofibers with well-controlled meso/macro pore structure were obtained via thermally induced phase separation process. The morphology and electrochemical performance of porous carbon nanofibers are investigated by structural analysis and electrochemical measurements. The relationship among pore structure, character of electrolyte and electrochemical performance of porous carbon nanofibers was extensively evaluated. Porous carbon nanofibers derived from PAA-PVP (mass ratio = 5:2) electrospun fibers show adjustable average pore diameter (3.1 nm), high BET specific surface area (743.5 m² g⁻¹), and average pore volume (0.126 cm³ g⁻¹). The supercapacitor constructed by porous nanofibers as electrode in ionic liquids electrolyte exhibits wide electrochemical stability window (3.4 V), high specific capacity (211.7 F g⁻¹), good power density (2021 W kg⁻¹), and low internal resistance (1.0 Ω). The findings reveal a guideline of the preparation of blending polymer-based porous carbon nanofibers for electrochemical energy conversion and storage.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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源自PAA-PVP电纺纤维的多孔碳纳米纤维，用于超级电容器

采用电纺法制备了聚酰胺酸（PAA）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）共混纺丝。高碳转化率的PAA用作碳纳米纤维；低碳转化率的PVP用作致孔牺牲剂。然后，通过热诱导相分离工艺获得了具有良好控制的介孔/大孔结构的PAA-PVP基碳纳米纤维。通过结构分析和电化学测量研究了多孔碳纳米纤维的形貌和电化学性能。广泛评估了孔结构，电解质特性和多孔碳纳米纤维的电化学性能之间的关系。源自PAA-PVP（质量比= 5：2）电纺纤维的多孔碳纳米纤维表现出可调节的平均孔径（3.1 nm），²  g ^-1）和平均孔体积（0.126 cm ³  g ^-1）。由多孔纳米纤维作为离子液体电解质中的电极构建的超级电容器具有宽的电化学稳定性窗口（3.4 V），高的比容量（211.7 F g ^-1），良好的功率密度（2021 W kg ^-1）和低的内电阻（1.0） Ω）。该发现揭示了用于电化学能量转换和存储的基于聚合物的混合多孔碳纳米纤维的制备指南。

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