Objectives Granulosa cells are associated with steroidogenesis and ovarian function in females. Aims of the study are to understand the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) on steroidogenesis and apoptotic pathway associated genes in buffalo granulosa cells. Results The AuNP were prepared chemically and thereby characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging, absorbance and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements for hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential. The cultured buffalo granulosa cells (BGC) were co-incubated with AuNP in two concentrations (2 × 10 9 and 2 × 10 10 AuNP/ml) for 24 h. Treatment of BGC with AuNP significantly modulated the steroidogenesis associated genes ( 3β-Hsd and Cyp19A1 ) expression and progesterone accumulation in the culture fluid. AuNP affected the apoptotic pathway in BGC by affecting the gene expression of Caspase-3, Bad and Bax . The AuNP did not exert oxidative stress through anti-oxidant induction & lipid peroxidation in the buffalo GC. Conclusions AuNP may modulate the endocrine system by having impact on the steroidogenesis pathway and also have the potential to affect apoptotic pathway in a buffalo granulosa cell model.

中文翻译：

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金纳米粒子调节水牛颗粒细胞模型中的类固醇生成和凋亡途径

目的颗粒细胞与女性的类固醇生成和卵巢功能有关。该研究的目的是了解金纳米粒子 (AuNP) 对水牛颗粒细胞中类固醇生成和凋亡途径相关基因的影响。结果 AuNP 是化学制备的，因此通过透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 成像、吸光度和动态光散射 (DLS) 测量来表征流体动力学直径和 zeta 电位。培养的水牛颗粒细胞（BGC）与两种浓度（2×10 9 和2×10 10 AuNP/ml）的AuNP共同培养24小时。用 AuNP 处理 BGC 显着调节了类固醇生成相关基因（3β-Hsd 和 Cyp19A1）的表达和培养液中孕酮的积累。AuNP 通过影响 Caspase-3、Bad 和 Bax 的基因表达来影响 BGC 中的细胞凋亡途径。AuNP没有通过水牛GC中的抗氧化诱导和脂质过氧化作用施加氧化应激。结论 AuNP 可能通过影响类固醇生成途径来调节内分泌系统，并且还有可能影响水牛颗粒细胞模型中的凋亡途径。