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Autophagy promotes mammalian survival by suppressing oxidative stress and p53.
Genes & Development ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1101/gad.335570.119
Yang Yang 1 , Gizem Karsli-Uzunbas 1 , Laura Poillet-Perez 1 , Akshada Sawant 1 , Zhixian Sherrie Hu 1 , Yuhan Zhao 1 , Dirk Moore 1, 2 , Wenwei Hu 1, 3 , Eileen White 1, 4
Affiliation  

Autophagy captures intracellular components and delivers them to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Conditional autophagy deficiency in adult mice causes liver damage, shortens life span to 3 mo due to neurodegeneration, and is lethal upon fasting. As autophagy deficiency causes p53 induction and cell death in neurons, we sought to test whether p53 mediates the lethal consequences of autophagy deficiency. Here, we conditionally deleted Trp53 (p53 hereafter) and/or the essential autophagy gene Atg7 throughout adult mice. Compared with Atg7 Δ/Δ mice, the life span of Atg7 Δ/Δ p53 Δ/Δ mice was extended due to delayed neurodegeneration and resistance to death upon fasting. Atg7 also suppressed apoptosis induced by p53 activator Nutlin-3, suggesting that autophagy inhibited p53 activation. To test whether increased oxidative stress in Atg7 Δ/Δ mice was responsible for p53 activation, Atg7 was deleted in the presence or absence of the master regulator of antioxidant defense nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2-/-Atg7 Δ/Δ mice died rapidly due to small intestine damage, which was not rescued by p53 codeletion. Thus, Atg7 limits p53 activation and p53-mediated neurodegeneration. In turn, NRF2 mitigates lethal intestine degeneration upon autophagy loss. These findings illustrate the tissue-specific roles for autophagy and functional dependencies on the p53 and NRF2 stress response mechanisms.

中文翻译:

自噬通过抑制氧化应激和 p53 促进哺乳动物存活。

自噬捕获细胞内成分并将它们输送到溶酶体进行降解和回收。成年小鼠的条件性自噬缺陷导致肝损伤,由于神经变性将寿命缩短至 3 个月,并且在禁食后是致命的。由于自噬缺陷导致神经元中的 p53 诱导和细胞死亡,我们试图测试 p53 是否介导自噬缺陷的致死后果。在这里,我们有条件地删除了整个成年小鼠的 Trp53(以下简称 p53)和/或必需的自噬基因 Atg7。与 Atg7 Δ/Δ 小鼠相比,Atg7 Δ/Δ p53 Δ/Δ 小鼠的寿命由于延迟的神经变性和抗禁食死亡而延长。Atg7 还抑制 p53 激活剂 Nutlin-3 诱导的细胞凋亡,表明自噬抑制 p53 激活。为了测试 Atg7 Δ/Δ 小鼠的氧化应激增加是否是 p53 激活的原因,在存在或不存在抗氧化防御核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2 (Nrf2) 的主要调节因子的情况下删除 Atg7。Nrf2-/-Atg7 Δ/Δ 小鼠因小肠损伤而迅速死亡,而 p53 密码缺失并未挽救这种损伤。因此,Atg7 限制了 p53 激活和 p53 介导的神经变性。反过来,NRF2 减轻了自噬丧失后的致死性肠退化。这些发现说明了自噬的组织特异性作用以及对 p53 和 NRF2 应激反应机制的功能依赖性。Nrf2-/-Atg7 Δ/Δ 小鼠因小肠损伤而迅速死亡,而 p53 密码缺失并未挽救这种损伤。因此,Atg7 限制了 p53 激活和 p53 介导的神经变性。反过来,NRF2 减轻了自噬丧失后的致死性肠退化。这些发现说明了自噬的组织特异性作用以及对 p53 和 NRF2 应激反应机制的功能依赖性。Nrf2-/-Atg7 Δ/Δ 小鼠因小肠损伤而迅速死亡,而 p53 密码缺失并未挽救这种损伤。因此,Atg7 限制了 p53 激活和 p53 介导的神经变性。反过来,NRF2 减轻了自噬丧失后的致死性肠退化。这些发现说明了自噬的组织特异性作用以及对 p53 和 NRF2 应激反应机制的功能依赖性。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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