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Switching LPS to LED Streetlight May Dramatically Reduce Activity and Foraging of Bats
Diversity ( IF 3.029 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-24 , DOI: 10.3390/d12040165
Christian Kerbiriou , Kévin Barré , Léa Mariton , Julie Pauwels , Georges Zissis , Alexandre Robert , Isabelle Le Viol

Artificial light at night is considered a major threat to biodiversity, especially for nocturnal species, as it reduces habitat availability, quality, and functionality. Since the recent evolution in light technologies in improving luminous efficacy, developed countries are experiencing a renewal of their lighting equipment that reaches its end-of-life, from conventional lighting technologies to light emitting diodes (LEDs). Despite potential cascading impacts of such a shift on nocturnal fauna, few studies have so far dealt with the impact of the renewal of street lighting by new technologies. Specifically, only one study, by Rowse et al.2016, examined the effects of switching from widely used low pressure sodium (LPS) lamps to LEDs, using bats as biological models. This study was based on a before-after-control-impact paired design (BACIP) at 12 pairs in the UK, each including one control and one experimental streetlight. If Rowse et al. 2016 showed no effect of switching to LEDs streetlights on bat activity, the effects of respective changes in light intensity and spectrum were not disentangled when testing switch effects. Here, we conduct a retrospective analysis of their data to include these covariates in statistical models with the aim of disentangling the relative effects of these light characteristics. Our re-analysis clearly indicates that the switches in spectrum and in intensity with replacement of LPS with LED lamps have significant additive and interactive effects, on bat activity. We also show that bat activity and buzz ratio decrease with increasing LED intensity while an opposite effect is observed with LPS lamps. Hence, the loss or the gain in bat activity when lamp types, i.e., spectrum, are switched strongly depends on the initial and new lamp intensities. Our results stress the need to consider simultaneously the effects of changes in the different lights characteristics when street lighting changes. Because switches from LPS to LED lamps can lead to an increase in light intensity, such technological changes may involve a reduction of bat activity in numerous cases, especially at high LED intensities. Since we are currently at an important crossroad in lighting management, we recommend to limit LED intensity and improve its spectral composition toward warmer colors to limit potential deleterious impacts on bat activity.

中文翻译:

将LPS切换为LED路灯可能会极大地减少蝙蝠的活动和觅食

夜间人造光被认为是对生物多样性的主要威胁,尤其是对于夜行物种而言,因为它降低了栖息地的可用性,质量和功能。由于照明技术在提高发光效率方面的最新发展,发达国家正在经历其使用寿命已尽的照明设备更新,从传统照明技术到发光二极管(LED)。尽管这种转变对夜间动物区系有潜在的连锁影响,但迄今为止,鲜有研究涉及新技术更新路灯的影响。具体而言,只有Rowse等人(2016)进行的一项研究使用蝙蝠作为生物学模型,研究了从广泛使用的低压钠(LPS)灯切换到LED的效果。这项研究基于在英国的12对照明装置上进行“控制-碰撞-碰撞后配对”设计(BACIP),每对包括一个控制装置和一个实验路灯。如果罗瑟等。2016年显示,切换到LED路灯对蝙蝠的活动没有影响,在测试切换效果时,光强度和光谱的相应变化的影响没有得到解决。在这里,我们对它们的数据进行回顾性分析,以将这些协变量包括在统计模型中,以期弄清这些光特征的相对影响。我们的重新分析清楚地表明,用LED灯代替LPS的光谱和强度转换对蝙蝠的活动具有显着的加和交互作用。我们还表明,随着LED强度的增加,蝙蝠的活动度和嗡嗡声比率也会降低,而LPS灯则观察到相反的效果。因此,当切换灯泡类型(即光谱)时,蝙蝠活动的损失或增益在很大程度上取决于初始和新的灯泡强度。我们的结果强调,当街道照明发生变化时,需要同时考虑不同照明特性变化的影响。因为从LPS切换到LED灯会导致光强度增加,所以这种技术变化可能会在许多情况下降低蝙蝠的活动,特别是在高LED强度下。由于我们目前正处于照明管理的重要十字路口,
更新日期:2020-04-24
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