Mechanical strength of polymeric scaffolds deteriorates quickly in the physiological mileu. This can be minimized by reinforcing the polymeric matrix with graphene, a planar two-dimensional material with unique physicochemical and biological properties. Association between the sheet and polymer chains offers a range of porosity commensurate with tissue requirements. Besides, studies suggest that corrugated structure of graphene offers desirable bio-mechanical cues for tissue regeneration. This review covers three important aspects of graphene-polymer composites, (a) the opportunity on reinforcing the polymer matrix with graphene, (b) challenges associated with limited aqueous processability of graphene, and (c) physiological signaling in the presence of graphene. Among numerous graphene materials, our discussion is limited to graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets. Challenges associated with limited dispersity of hydrophobic sheets within the polymeric matrix have been discussed at molecular level.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯纳米片作为软组织支架中的增强材料和细胞指导材料。

聚合物支架的机械强度在生理环境中迅速下降。这可以通过用石墨烯增强聚合物基体来最小化，石墨烯是一种具有独特理化和生物学特性的平面二维材料。片和聚合物链之间的缔合提供了与组织要求相称的孔隙率范围。此外，研究表明，石墨烯的波纹结构为组织再生提供了理想的生物力学线索。这篇综述涵盖了石墨烯-聚合物复合材料的三个重要方面，（a）用石墨烯增强聚合物基体的机会，（b）与石墨烯有限的水可加工性相关的挑战，以及（c）在石墨烯存在下的生理信号传递。在众多石墨烯材料中，我们的讨论仅限于氧化石墨烯（GO）和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）纳米片。在分子水平上已经讨论了与疏水性片材在聚合物基质中的有限分散性有关的挑战。