Gray matter disruptions have been found consistently in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The organization of these alterations into brain structural networks remains largely unexplored. We investigated 508 participants (281 males) with ADHD (N = 210), their unaffected siblings (N = 108), individuals with subthreshold ADHD (N = 49), and unrelated healthy controls (N = 141) with an age range from 7 to 18 years old from 336 families in the Dutch NeuroIMAGE project. Source based morphometry was used to examine structural brain network alterations and their association with symptoms and cognitive performance. Two networks showed significant reductions in individuals with ADHD compared to unrelated healthy controls after False Discovery Rate correction. Component A, mainly located in bilateral Crus I, showed a ADHD/typically developing difference with subthreshold cases being intermediate between ADHD and typically developing controls. The unaffected siblings were similar to controls. After correcting for IQ and medication status, component A showed a negative correlation with inattention symptoms across the entire sample. Component B included a maximum cluster in the bilateral insula, where unaffected siblings, similar to individuals with ADHD, showed significantly reduced loadings compared to controls; but no relationship with individual symptoms or cognitive measures was found for component B. This multivariate approach suggests that areas reflecting genetic liability within ADHD are partly separate from those areas modulating symptom severity.

中文翻译：

---

注意缺陷/多动症家庭的结构性大脑改变及其与认知功能和症状的关系。

在注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）中一直发现灰质破坏。这些改变组织到大脑结构网络中的组织很大程度上仍未被探索。我们调查了508名ADHD（N = 210），未受影响的兄弟姐妹（N = 108），亚阈下ADHD（N = 49）和不相关的健康对照者（N = 141）的参与者（281名男性），年龄在7岁以下在荷兰NeuroIMAGE项目中来自336个家庭，年龄为18岁。基于源的形态计量学用于检查大脑结构网络的变化及其与症状和认知表现的关系。校正错误发现率后，与无关健康对照相比，两个网络显示ADHD个体明显减少。A部分，主要位于双边Crus I，显示多动症/典型发展差异，亚阈值病例介于多动症和典型发展对照之间。未受影响的兄弟姐妹与对照相似。校正智商和药物状态后，组分A与整个样本中的注意力不集中症状呈负相关。组分B包括双侧岛上的最大簇，与对照组相比，未受影响的兄弟姐妹与ADHD个体相似，负荷显着降低。但没有发现与组分B的个体症状或认知措施有关。这种多变量方法表明，反映多动症内遗传责任的区域与调节症状严重程度的区域部分分开。未受影响的兄弟姐妹与对照相似。校正智商和药物状态后，组分A与整个样本中的注意力不集中症状呈负相关。组分B包括双侧岛上的最大簇，与对照组相比，未受影响的兄弟姐妹与ADHD个体相似，负荷显着降低。但没有发现与组分B的个体症状或认知措施有关。这种多变量方法表明，反映多动症内遗传责任的区域与调节症状严重程度的区域部分分开。未受影响的兄弟姐妹与对照相似。校正智商和药物状态后，组分A与整个样本中的注意力不集中症状呈负相关。组分B包括双侧岛上的最大簇，与对照组相比，未受影响的兄弟姐妹与ADHD个体相似，负荷显着降低。但没有发现与组分B的个体症状或认知措施有关。这种多变量方法表明，反映多动症内遗传责任的区域与调节症状严重程度的区域部分分开。组分B包括双侧岛上的最大簇，与对照组相比，未受影响的兄弟姐妹与ADHD个体相似，负荷显着降低。但没有发现与组分B的个体症状或认知措施有关。这种多变量方法表明，反映多动症内遗传责任的区域与调节症状严重程度的区域部分分开。组分B包括双侧岛上的最大簇，与对照组相比，未受影响的兄弟姐妹与ADHD个体相似，负荷显着降低。但没有发现与组分B的个体症状或认知措施有关。这种多变量方法表明，反映多动症内遗传责任的区域与调节症状严重程度的区域部分分开。