Human infrastructure and disturbance play an important role when animals select resources in human‐modified landscapes. Theory predicts that animals trade food intake against costs of movement or disturbance to optimize net energy gain and fitness, but other necessary resources may also constrain the decisions, e.g. when animals repeatedly need to return to a central location, such as a nest, waterhole or night roost. Central place foraging theory states that the probability of occurrence of an animal decreases with the distance to the central location while selectivity for food items or foraging sites providing high net energy gain should increase with distance. We studied foraging patterns of common cranes Grus grus feeding in an agricultural landscape adjacent to a wetland to which they return for night roost. We used availability of spilled grains on harvested fields and distance to human settlement as proxy for site quality (i.e. increased likelihood of increased net energy gain with increased food availability and less disturbance). As predicted by theory, our results clearly show that cranes were more likely (more than twice as high resource selection function scores) to select foraging sites close to roosts. However, contrary to predictions, the selection of high quality sites in terms of high food availability decreased with distance to roost sites. Nevertheless, our results indicate that cranes were more likely to select sites with low risk of human disturbance far from roost sites, and were more tolerant to disturbance close to roost sites. How different species respond to the local and environmental conditions will increase the understanding of the species’ resource requirement, and also where in the landscape to prioritize conservation or management actions (e.g. mitigation of human disturbance and crop damage prevention to sustain agricultural production).

中文翻译：

---

在人类主导的景观中觅食的中心地点 - 普通起重机如何选择觅食地点？

当动物在人类改造的景观中选择资源时，人类基础设施和干扰起着重要作用。理论预测动物会根据运动或干扰的成本交换食物摄入量以优化净能量增益和健康，但其他必要的资源也可能会限制决策，例如当动物反复需要返回中心位置时，例如巢穴、水坑或夜间栖息。中心位置觅食理论指出，动物出现的概率随着到中心位置的距离而降低，而对提供高净能量增益的食物或觅食地点的选择性应随距离增加。我们研究了普通鹤类在靠近湿地的农业景观中觅食的觅食模式，它们会返回夜间栖息。我们使用收获田地上溢出的谷物的可用性和与人类住区的距离作为场地质量的代表（即随着食物供应的增加和干扰的减少，净能量增益增加的可能性增加）。正如理论所预测的那样，我们的结果清楚地表明，起重机更有可能（资源选择函数得分高出两倍）选择靠近栖息地的觅食地点。然而，与预测相反，就高食物可用性而言，高质量地点的选择随着与栖息地点的距离的增加而减少。尽管如此，我们的结果表明，起重机更有可能选择远离栖息地的人为干扰风险低的地点，并且更能容忍靠近栖息地的干扰。