The hybridization of fuel cells (FC) and battery in electric vehicles necessitates designing an energy management system (EMS) for optimal energy use of the two power sources. The EMS represents a high‐level controller (HLC) calculating the optimal power split between the two power sources, using a prediction model for the vehicle's electric load over a planned journey trajectory. However, the instantaneous actual power demand of the vehicle is likely to deviate from the prediction due to varying traffic circumstances. This power offset needs to be compensated for whilst the optimality is still considered. A control approach is proposed here that converts the optimal power split into a dimensionless power split ratio (PSR). This ratio is passed to a low‐level controller (LLC) to be implemented as a set‐point. The LLC is responsible for simultaneously controlling the power of the FC and the battery using solely one control element, which is the DC‐DC boost converter. The PSR will be maintained whatever the actual power demand of the vehicle is. This approach will result in a fully controlled optimal power utilization, so that the high efficiency of the battery and the extended range enabled by the FC system are used to best effect.

中文翻译：

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基于卫星导航数据的燃料电池混合动力汽车能源管理控制器

电动汽车中燃料电池（FC）和电池的混合，需要设计一种能源管理系统（EMS），以实现两种电源的最佳能源利用。EMS代表高级控制器（HLC），它使用在计划的行驶轨迹上的车辆电负载预测模型来计算两个电源之间的最佳功率分配。但是，由于交通状况的变化，车辆的瞬时实际功率需求可能会偏离预测。需要补偿功率偏移，同时仍要考虑最优性。这里提出了一种控制方法，该方法将最佳功率分配转换为无因次功率分配比（PSR）。该比率传递到低级控制器（LLC），以实现为设定点。LLC负责仅使用一个控制元件即DC-DC升压转换器来同时控制FC和电池的电源。无论车辆的实际功率需求如何，都将保持PSR。这种方法将导致完全控制的最佳功率利用率，从而使电池的高效率和FC系统启用的扩展范围发挥最佳效果。