The electrochemistry in energy conversion and storage (ECS) not only relies on the active species in catalysts or energy-storage materials, but also involves mass/ion transport around the active species and electron transfer to the external circuit. To realize high-rate ECS process, new architectures for catalysts or energy-storage electrodes are required to ensure more efficient mass/charge transport. 3D porous mesostructured materials constructed by nanoscale functional units can form a continuous conductive network for electron transfer and an interconnected multiscale pores for mass/ion transport while maintaining the high surface area, showing great promise in boosting the ECS process. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the design, construction and applications of 3D mesostructured carbon-based nanocages for ECS. The role of the hierarchical architectures to the high rate performance is discussed to highlight the merits of the mesostructured materials. The perspective on future opportunities and challenges is also outlined for deepening and extending the related studies and applications.

能量转换和存储（ECS）中的电化学不仅依赖于催化剂或储能材料中的活性物质，而且还涉及质量/离子在活性物质周围的传输以及电子向外部电路的转移。为了实现高速ECS工艺，需要用于催化剂或储能电极的新架构，以确保更有效的质量/电荷传输。由纳米级功能单元构建的3D多孔介孔结构材料可以形成连续的导电网络用于电子传输，并形成互连的多尺度孔用于质量/离子传输，同时保持高表面积，在促进ECS工艺方面显示出巨大的希望。在这篇综述中，我们总结了用于ECS的3D介孔结构碳基纳米笼的设计，构建和应用的最新进展。讨论了分层体系结构对高速率性能的作用，以突出介观结构材料的优点。还概述了有关未来机遇和挑战的观点，以深化和扩展相关的研究和应用。