The growing threat of emergent multidrug-resistant enteric bacterial pathogens, and their adopted virulence properties are directing to find alternative antimicrobials and/or development of dietaries that can improve host gut health and/or defense. Recently, we found that modified Lactobacillus casei (Lc + CLA) with increased production of conjugated linoleic acid has antimicrobial and other beneficial properties. Further, prebiotic alike products such as berry pomace extracts (BPEs), increase the growth of probiotics and inhibit the growth of certain bacterial pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effect of genetically modified Lc + CLA along with BPEs against major enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST). In mixed culture condition, the growth of ST was significantly reduced in the presence of Lc + CLA and/or BPEs. Bacterial cell-free cultural supernatant (CFCS) collected from wild-type Lc or modified Lc + CLA strains also inhibited the growth and survival of ST, and those inhibitory effects were enhanced in the presence of BPEs. We also found that the interaction of the pathogen with cultured host (HD-11 and INT-407) cells were also altered in the presence of either Lc or Lc + CLA strain or their CFCSs significantly. Furthermore, the relative expression of genes related to ST virulence and physicochemical properties of ST was altered by the effect of CFCSs of either Lc or Lc + CLA. These findings indicate that a diet containing synbiotic, specifically linoleic acid, over-produced Lc + CLA and prebiotic product BPEs, might have the potential to be effective in controlling ST growth and pathogenesis.

中文翻译：

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用浆果酚类提取物和亚油酸过量生产干酪乳杆菌限制鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的发病机制。

新出现的多重耐药肠道细菌病原体的威胁越来越大，它们采用的毒力特性正在指导寻找替代抗菌剂和/或开发可以改善宿主肠道健康和/或防御的饮食。最近，我们发现增加共轭亚油酸产量的改良干酪乳杆菌(Lc + CLA) 具有抗菌和其他有益特性。此外，益生元类产品，如浆果果渣提取物 (BPE)，会增加益生菌的生长并抑制某些细菌病原体的生长。在这项研究中，我们评估了转基因 Lc + CLA 与 BPE 对主要肠道病原体肠沙门氏菌的抗菌作用鼠伤寒血清型 (ST)。在混合培养条件下，ST 的生长在 Lc + CLA 和/或 BPE 存在下显着降低。从野生型 Lc 或修饰的 Lc + CLA 菌株收集的细菌无细胞培养上清液 (CFCS) 也抑制 ST 的生长和存活，并且这些抑制作用在 BPE 存在下得到增强。我们还发现，在 Lc 或 Lc + CLA 菌株或其 CFCS 存在的情况下，病原体与培养的宿主（HD-11 和 INT-407）细胞的相互作用也发生了显着变化。此外，与 ST 毒力和 ST 的理化特性相关的基因的相对表达因 Lc 或 Lc + CLA 的 CFCS 的作用而改变。这些发现表明，含有合生元（特别是亚油酸）、过量生产的 Lc + CLA 和益生元产物 BPE 的饮食，