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ENSO’s impacts on the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans via tropical atmospheric processes: observations versus CMIP5 simulations
Climate Dynamics ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 , DOI: 10.1007/s00382-020-05247-w
Shan He , Jin-Yi Yu , Song Yang , Shih-Wei Fang

This study compares the impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and the tropical Indian Ocean during 1958–2004. It is found that the tropical atmospheric processes mediating the ENSO impacts are different between the two oceans for two reasons. First, the ENSO-induced anomalous Walker circulation is more extensive over the Atlantic than over the Indian Ocean. As a result, the atmospheric bridge (AB) mechanism is the major contributor to the differences in ENSO teleconnections between the two oceans. Secondly, SSTs in the tropical North Atlantic are under a greater control of the atmospheric thermal forcing than those in the tropical Indian Ocean. Due to these different controls, the tropospheric temperature (TT) mechanism also contributes to the different ENSO teleconnections. When compared with the observations, the mean of thirty-seven models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 overestimates the ENSO-induced SST response in the tropical Indian Ocean but underestimates the response in the tropical North Atlantic. The overestimation is brought about by a westward extension of ENSO SST anomalies in the models, which causes the AB mechanism to produce an overly strong impact on Indian Ocean SSTs. On the other hand, the underestimation is caused by a weaker-than-observed sensitivity in the simulated Atlantic SSTs to the thermal forcing produced by the TT mechanism.



中文翻译:

ENSO通过热带大气过程对热带印度洋和大西洋的影响:观测与CMIP5模拟

这项研究比较了1958-2004年期间厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)对热带北大西洋和热带印度洋海表温度(SSTs)的影响。已经发现,由于两个原因,两个海洋之间介导ENSO影响的热带大气过程是不同的。首先,ENSO引起的异常沃克环流在大西洋上比印度洋上更广泛。结果,大气桥(AB)机制是造成两个海洋之间ENSO远距连接差异的主要原因。其次,与热带印度洋相比,北大西洋热带的SST受大气热强迫的控制更大。由于这些控件的不同,对流层温度(TT)机制也有助于建立不同的ENSO遥距连接。与观察结果进行比较时,耦合模型比较项目第5阶段的37个模型的平均值高估了热带印度洋ENSO诱发的SST响应,但低估了北大西洋热带的响应。高估是由于模型中ENSO SST异常向西扩展所致,这导致AB机制对印度洋SST产生了过大的影响。另一方面,低估是由于模拟大西洋SST对TT机制产生的热强迫的敏感性比观察到的弱。耦合模型比对项目第5阶段的37个模型的平均值高估了ENSO引起的热带印度洋海温响应,但低估了北大西洋热带的海温响应。高估是由于模型中ENSO SST异常向西扩展所致,这导致AB机制对印度洋SST产生了过大的影响。另一方面,低估是由于模拟大西洋SST对TT机制产生的热强迫的敏感性比观察到的弱。耦合模型比对项目第5阶段的37个模型的平均值高估了ENSO引起的热带印度洋海温响应,但低估了北大西洋热带的海温响应。高估是由于模型中ENSO SST异常向西扩展所致,这导致AB机制对印度洋SST产生了过大的影响。另一方面,低估是由于模拟大西洋SST对TT机制产生的热强迫的敏感性比观察到的弱。这会导致AB机制对印度洋海表温度产生过大的影响。另一方面,低估是由于模拟大西洋SST对TT机制产生的热强迫的敏感性比观察到的弱。这会导致AB机制对印度洋海表温度产生过大的影响。另一方面,低估是由于模拟大西洋SST对TT机制产生的热强迫的敏感性比观察到的弱。

更新日期:2020-04-23
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