Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is a common gastrointestinal cause of emergency admissions in dogs and humans and can lead to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Among the various complications associated with ANP, acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major contributor leading to high mortality rates associated with severe acute pancreatitis (AP) in human patients. The incidence of ALI/ARDS in ANP dogs is not well-characterized in spontaneous AP and there are no models to study it in rodent models. Most of the data related to AP comes from rodent models of AP, which may not always represent the true mechanisms occurring in the lungs of dogs or humans with ANP. Therefore, this manuscript provides a review of current and potential models to study the role of pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) in acute pancreatitis. Recently, we characterized lung inflammation in clinical cases of AP in dogs and found significant recruitment of PIMs which have been credited as pro-inflammatory cells in species such as cattle, horse, pigs, and sheep that normally have them. Considering the pro-inflammatory roles of constitutive or induced PIMs, we investigated whether a well-established mouse model of ANP has induced PIMs. We found induced PIMs in L-arginine-induced ANP in mouse and that MCP-1 is important in PIM induction in this model. Taken together, now we summarize information on spontaneous ANP in dog and a mouse model of induced ANP to study mechanisms of lung dysfunction and the role of PIMs during ANP.

中文翻译：

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研究肺血管内巨噬细胞在自发性和诱发性急性胰腺炎中作用的动物模型

急性坏死性胰腺炎 (ANP) 是犬和人类急诊入院的常见胃肠道原因，可导致全身炎症反应综合征，导致多器官功能障碍综合征。在与 ANP 相关的各种并发症中，急性肺损伤 (ALI) 或急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS) 是导致人类患者严重急性胰腺炎 (AP) 相关高死亡率的主要原因。ANP 犬的 ALI/ARDS 发病率在自发性 AP 中没有得到很好的表征，并且没有模型可以在啮齿动物模型中进行研究。大多数与 AP 相关的数据来自 AP 的啮齿动物模型，这可能并不总是代表 ANP 狗或人类肺部发生的真实机制。所以，这份手稿回顾了当前和潜在模型，以研究肺血管内巨噬细胞 (PIM) 在急性胰腺炎中的作用。最近，我们在狗的 AP 临床病例中表征了肺部炎症，并发现 PIM 的大量募集，这些 PIM 被认为是通常具有它们的物种（例如牛、马、猪和羊）中的促炎细胞。考虑到组成型或诱导型 PIM 的促炎作用，我们研究了完善的 ANP 小鼠模型是否诱导了 PIM。我们在小鼠 L-精氨酸诱导的 ANP 中发现了诱导的 PIM，并且 MCP-1 在该模型中的 PIM 诱导中很重要。总之，现在我们总结了狗自发性 ANP 和诱导 ANP 小鼠模型的信息，以研究肺功能障碍的机制和 PIM 在 ANP 期间的作用。