Assessment of seismic vulnerability in urban areas is a challenging task that requires a meticulous and systematic approach. Sarajevo and Banja Luka, together with Tuzla, are the most urbanized and densely populated cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo and Banja Luka experienced devastating earthquakes in 1962 and 1969, respectively. This is why it is of the utmost importance to conduct seismic vulnerability evaluation of the existing building stock in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Until today no systematic database regarding structures and their typology has been compiled for the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina in connection with their vulnerability to seismic actions. The choice of an appropriate vulnerability method plays a key role in the process of assessment of seismic risk and highly depends on the available information, characteristics of the buildings, organization of data collection and decision-makers. Among various methods, it was decided to use the macroseismic method derived from the EMS-98 scale for the vulnerability assessment of the existing buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The database was obtained from the “typology of residential buildings in the BiH” project, a comprehensive survey of 13,044 existing residential buildings in BIH, which was conducted for energy performance assessment of the national building stock. For the purpose of this research, the database was reduced to a sample of 2933 buildings, as it included a selection of only unreinforced and confined masonry buildings built from 1918 to 2014 and located in Sarajevo and Banja Luka. The aim of this paper is to provide an overture in assessing the seismic risk in Sarajevo and Banja Luka by applying the method based on the vulnerability index. The vulnerability index is calculated by the macroseismic method which is in the function of the type of building, regional vulnerability factor and behavior modifier factors. The application of this method confirms the notable seismic risk in the cities of Sarajevo and Banja Luka due to the high vulnerability of the buildings. It may be argued that the behavior modifiers which had the largest impact on the change of the vulnerability class were the number of floors and type of roof structure. This research intends to contribute to the prevention of an earthquake disaster, in the form of a theoretical forecast of the aftermath: structural damage and/or socio-economic losses that may occur after an earthquake.

中文翻译：

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使用宏观地震模型的巴尼亚卢卡和萨拉热窝（波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那）砌体建筑的地震易损性评估

评估城市地区的地震脆弱性是一项艰巨的任务，需要采取细致而系统的方法。萨拉热窝，巴尼亚·卢卡（Banja Luka）和图兹拉（Tuzla），是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那城市化程度最高，人口最稠密的城市。萨拉热窝和巴尼亚·卢卡分别于1962年和1969年经历了毁灭性地震。这就是为什么对波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那现有建筑群进行地震脆弱性评估至关重要的原因。直到今天，还没有针对波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那领土关于其易受地震作用的脆弱性而系统地收集有关结构及其类型的系统数据库。选择适当的脆弱性方法在评估地震风险过程中起着关键作用，并且在很大程度上取决于可用的信息，建筑物的特征，数据收集的组织和决策者。在各种方法中，决定使用从EMS-98量表得出的宏观地震方法来评估波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那现有建筑物的脆弱性。该数据库是从“波黑的住宅建筑类型”项目获得的，该项目是对BIH现有的13044座住宅建筑的全面调查，该调查是对全国建筑群的能源绩效进行评估的。出于此研究的目的，该数据库被简化为2933座建筑物的样本，因为该数据库仅包含1918年至2014年建造且位于萨拉热窝和Banja Luka的未加固和密闭砖石建筑的一部分。本文的目的是通过应用基于脆弱性指数的方法，为评估萨拉热窝和巴尼亚卢卡的地震风险提供一个序言。脆弱性指数是通过宏观地震方法计算的，它取决于建筑物的类型，区域脆弱性因子和行为修正因子。由于建筑物的高度脆弱性，这种方法的应用证实了萨拉热窝和巴尼亚卢卡市的明显地震危险。可以说，对脆弱性类别的变化影响最大的行为修改器是楼层数量和屋顶结构类型。这项研究旨在通过对后果的理论预测来为预防地震灾难做出贡献：