The balm of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine used to cure wounds. Even though clinical trials have confirmed its empirical use, the active constituents, their mode of action, and the exact composition of this natural product are still unknown. In this study, the balm was subjected to fractionated extraction and further purified employing flash chromatography, HPLC-PDA-ELSD, preparative and analytical TLC. Hydroxycinnamic acids (1: -3: ), the lignan pinoresinol (4: ), four hydroxylated derivatives of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) (5: - 8: ), and dehydroabietic acid (9: ) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by LC-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR. Four extracts, two commercially available resin acids-pimaric acid (10: ) and isopimaric acid (11: )-and the isolated compounds were tested for increased re-epithelialization of cell-free areas in a human adult low calcium high temperature keratinocytes monolayer. Lysophosphatidic acid (10 µM) served as positive control and ranged between 100% and 150% rise in cell-covered area related to the vehicle control. Two extracts containing carboxylic acids and non-acidic apolar constituents, respectively, boosted wound closure by 47% and 36% at 10 and 3 µg/mL, respectively. Pinoresinol, DHAA, three of its hydroxylated derivatives, and pimaric and isopimaric acid as well as defined combinations of the hydroxylated DHAA derivatives led to a significantly enhanced wound closure by up to 90% at concentrations between 1 and 10 µM. Overall, lignans and diterpene resin acids, main constituents of Norway spruce balm, are able to increase migration or proliferation of keratinocytes in vitro. The presented data link the phytochemistry of this natural wound healing agent with boosted re-epithelialization.

中文翻译：

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挪威云杉香膏：植物化学成分和增强体外再上皮化的能力

挪威云杉（Picea abies）的香膏是一种著名的传统草药，用于治疗伤口。尽管临床试验证实了它的经验用途，但活性成分、它们的作用方式以及这种天然产品的确切成分仍然未知。在这项研究中，香脂经过分级提取，并使用快速色谱、HPLC-PDA-ELSD、制备型和分析型 TLC 进一步纯化。羟基肉桂酸 (1: -3: )、木脂素松脂醇 (4: )、脱氢松香酸 (DHAA) 的四种羟基化衍生物 (5: - 8: ) 和脱氢松香酸 (9: ) 被分离出来。通过LC-MS、1D-和2D-NMR阐明了它们的结构。四种提取物，两种市售树脂酸 - 海松酸 (10: ) 和异海松酸 (11: )-并且测试了分离的化合物在成人低钙高温角质形成细胞单层中增加的无细胞区域的再上皮化。溶血磷脂酸 (10 µM) 作为阳性对照，与载体对照相关的细胞覆盖面积增加了 100% 到 150%。分别含有羧酸和非酸性非极性成分的两种提取物在浓度为 10 和 3 µg/mL 时分别将伤口闭合提高了 47% 和 36%。松脂醇、DHAA、其三种羟基化衍生物、海松酸和异海松酸以及羟基化 DHAA 衍生物的特定组合在 1 到 10 µM 的浓度下显着增强了伤口闭合率，最高可达 90%。总体而言，木脂素和二萜树脂酸，挪威云杉香脂的主要成分，能够在体外增加角质形成细胞的迁移或增殖。所提供的数据将这种天然伤口愈合剂的植物化学与促进的再上皮化联系起来。