Brahman cattle (Bos indicus) are well adapted to thrive in tropical environments. Since their introduction to Australia in 1933, Brahman's ability to grow and reproduce on marginal lands has proven their value in the tropical beef industry. The poll phenotype, which describes the absence of horns, has become desirable in the cattle industry for animal welfare and handler safety concerns. The poll locus has been mapped to chromosome one. Four alleles, each a copy number variant, have been reported across this locus in B. indicus and Bos taurus. However, the causative mutation in Brahman cattle has not been fully characterized. Oxford Nanopore Technologies' minION sequencer was used to sequence four homozygous poll (PcPc), four homozygous horned (pp), and three heterozygous (Pcp) Brahmans to characterize the poll allele in Brahman cattle. A total of 98 Gb were sequenced and an average coverage of 3.33X was achieved. Read N50 scores ranged from 9.9 to 19 kb. Examination of the mapped reads across the poll locus revealed insertions approximately 200 bp in length in the poll animals that were absent in the horned animals. These results are consistent with the Celtic poll allele, a 212-bp duplication that replaces 10 bp. This provides direct evidence that the Celtic poll allele is segregating in the Australian Brahman population.

中文翻译：

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使用长时间阅读的牛津纳米孔测序对婆罗门牛中的轮询等位基因进行表征。

婆罗门牛（Bos indicus）非常适合在热带环境中繁衍生息。自1933年被引入澳大利亚以来，婆罗门在边缘土地上生长和繁殖的能力已证明其在热带牛肉产业中的价值。由于动物福利和饲养者安全问题，描述牛角缺失的民意调查表型在牛业中已成为人们所希望的。轮询位点已映射到第一个染色体。已在印度双歧杆菌和金牛座的这个基因座上报告了四个等位基因，每个等位基因为拷贝数变异。然而，婆罗门牛的致病突变尚未得到充分表征。使用牛津纳米孔技术公司的minION测序仪对婆罗门牛的四个纯合角点（PcPc），四个纯合角（pp）和三个杂合（Pcp）婆罗门进行测序。总共测序了98 Gb，平均覆盖率为3.33倍。读取的N50分数介于9.9到19 kb之间。对整个民意测验位点的作图读物的检查显示，在有角动物中不存在的民意测验动物中插入的长度约为200 bp。这些结果与凯尔特人的轮询等位基因一致，后者是一个212 bp的重复片段，替换了10 bp。这提供了直接的证据，证明凯尔特人的等位基因在澳大利亚婆罗门人口中处于隔离状态。替换10 bp的212 bp复制。这提供了直接的证据，证明凯尔特人的等位基因在澳大利亚婆罗门人口中处于隔离状态。替换10 bp的212 bp复制。这提供了直接的证据，证明凯尔特人的等位基因在澳大利亚婆罗门人口中处于隔离状态。