Stress is a biological adaptive response to restore homeostasis, and occurs in every animal production system, due to the multitude of stressors present in every farm. Heat stress is one of the most common environmental challenges to poultry worldwide. It has been extensively demonstrated that heat stress negatively impacts the health, welfare, and productivity of broilers and laying hens. However, basic mechanisms associated with the reported effects of heat stress are still not fully understood. The adaptive response of poultry to a heat stress situation is complex and intricate in nature, and it includes effects on the intestinal tract. This review offers an objective overview of the scientific evidence available on the effects of the heat stress response on different facets of the intestinal tract of poultry, including its physiology, integrity, immunology, and microbiota. Although a lot of knowledge has been generated, many gaps persist. The development of standardized models is crucial to be able to better compare and extrapolate results. By better understanding how the intestinal tract is affected in birds subjected to heat stress conditions, more targeted interventions can be developed and applied.

中文翻译：

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热应激对家禽肠道健康的影响。

压力是恢复体内稳态的生物学适应性反应，并且由于每个农场中存在大量压力源，因此在每个动物生产系统中都会发生压力。热应激是全世界家禽面临的最常见的环境挑战之一。大量研究表明，热应激会对肉鸡和蛋鸡的健康，福利和生产率产生负面影响。但是，与所报道的热应激效应相关的基本机理仍未完全理解。家禽对热应激状况的适应性反应本质上是复杂而复杂的，并且包括对肠道的影响。这篇综述客观地概述了有关热应激反应对家禽肠道各个方面（包括其生理学）的影响的科学证据，完整性，免疫学和微生物群。尽管已经积累了很多知识，但仍然存在许多差距。标准化模型的开发对于更好地比较和推断结果至关重要。通过更好地了解遭受热应激条件的禽类的肠道是如何受到影响的，可以开发和应用更有针对性的干预措施。