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Relationship between cyanobacterial bloom impacted drinking water sources and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence rates.
Harmful Algae ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101801
Tyler Gorham 1 , Elisabeth Dowling Root 2 , Yuanyuan Jia 3 , C K Shum 4 , Jiyoung Lee 5
Affiliation  

Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have increased in geographic distribution and intensity in recent decades worldwide. Cyanotoxins produced by many of these blooms, such as microcystins, are observed to play a role in tumor promotion and have been associated with increased liver cancer rates at the population level. Exposure occurs primarily via contaminated water (ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact), either from treated drinking water or during recreation in impacted surface waters; additional sources of exposure include consumption of fresh produce grown in cyanotoxin-contaminated environments or through the consumption of seafood caught in bloom-impacted waters.

The current ecological study investigates whether populations served by cyanobacterial bloom-impacted surface waters for their drinking water source have higher hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence rates than those served by non-impacted surface waters and groundwater. Census tract level cancer incidence in the state of Ohio, United States was modeled using a negative binomial generalized linear model, controlling for differences in demographic composition (e.g. age, race, and income) at the census tract level. Presence of cyanobacterial blooms in surface waters was estimated using satellite multi-spectral remote sensing and in situ public water system cyanotoxin monitoring data. Census tracts estimated to be served by bloom-impacted surface waters had 14.2% higher HCC incidence rates than those served by non-bloom-impacted surface waters (incidence rate ratio, IRR: 1.142; 95% CI: 1.037–1.257). Additionally, these bloom-impacted census tracts had a 17.4% higher HCC incidence rate as compared to those estimated to receive drinking water from a groundwater source (IRR: 1.174; 95% CI: 1.101–1.252). No statistical difference was found in HCC incidence rates when comparing areas presumed to be served by non-bloom-impacted surface waters and those presumed to be served by groundwater sources. An important consideration for environmental justice, areas estimated to be served by bloom-impacted surface waters had higher levels of poverty and included a higher percentage of racial and ethnic minority populations than areas served by groundwater. These findings support the need for additional in-depth research into the potential hepatic carcinogenicity and exposures of cyanotoxins in those areas where severe blooms are chronically observed.



中文翻译:

蓝藻水华影响饮用水源与肝细胞癌发病率之间的关系。

近几十年来,全球范围内淡水蓝藻水华的地理分布和强度都有所增加。观察到由这些花开的许多产生的氰毒素,例如微囊藻毒素,在肿瘤的促进中起作用,并且与人群中肝癌的发病率增加有关。暴露主要是通过被污染的水(摄入,吸入,皮肤接触)发生的,无论是经过处理的饮用水还是在受影响的地表水中进行游憩期间;接触的其他来源包括食用在受到氰毒素污染的环境中生长的新鲜农产品,或通过食用在受花开水影响的水中捕获的海鲜。

当前的生态研究调查了以蓝细菌水华影响的地表水作为饮用水源的人群是否比非水影响的地表水和地下水的人群具有更高的肝细胞癌(HCC)发生率。使用负二项式广义线性模型对美国俄亥俄州的人口普查级别癌症发病率进行建模,以控制人口普查级别的人口统计组成(例如年龄,种族和收入)差异。使用卫星多光谱遥感和原位估计地表水中蓝藻水华的存在公共供水系统中的氰毒素监测数据。据估计,受水华影响的地表水供应的人口普查区的HCC发生率比未受水华影响的地表水提供的人口普查率高(发生率比,IRR:1.142; 95%CI:1.037–1.257)。此外,这些受水华影响的人口普查区的HCC发生率比估计从地下水源获得饮用水的人群高17.4%(IRR:1.174; 95%CI:1.101–1.252)。当比较假定由非水华影响的地表水服务区域和假定由地下水源服务的区域时,HCC发生率没有统计学差异。环境正义的重要考虑因素,据估计,受水华影响的地表水所服务的地区比地下水所服务的地区的贫困程度更高,包括的种族和少数民族人口百分比更高。这些发现支持需要进一步深入研究那些长期观察到严重水华的地区的潜在肝致癌性和氰毒素的暴露。

更新日期:2020-04-22
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