Abstract The intensification of agricultural practices contributes to the decline of many taxa, such as insects and weeds. Wildflower species have an important environmental impact on rural biodiversity since plant-pollinator networks play a key role in both landscape aesthetics and environmental functionality. Due to their scarcity and/or disappearance in conventional agroecosystems, wildflowers are now being used in strips to restore the agro-environment. In this study, fifteen wildflower species were sown in order to verify their ecological performance in terms of a plant-pollinator interaction while in laboratory the several chemicals emitted by the flowers were identified. Flowering periods were concentrated in the spring, although flowering periods extended to the hot and dry summer months in some species. An extreme variability was found in terms of quantitative and qualitative pollinator-attractiveness (i.e., bees, bumblebees, hoverfly, bee flies and butterflies). Most wildflower species emit a volatiles belonging above all to one of the several chemical classes. A hierarchical cluster analysis of the different volatile emissions did not fully correlate with the botanical taxa of the respectives wildflowers. Often, single chemical compounds prevailed, such as β-ocimene and limonene among monoterpenes hydrocarbons, santolina alcohol in the case of oxygenated monoterpenes, or (Z)- or (E)-3-hexenol acetate for non-terpenes derivatives. It is believed that these chemical compounds can play an ecological role in plant-pollinator food webs. The hypothesis that the chemistry of the volatiles implies a specialized plant-pollinator co-evolution was confirmed by a significant regression (p

中文翻译：

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野花传粉者相互作用：涉及哪些植物化学物质？

摘要 农业实践的集约化导致了昆虫和杂草等许多类群的减少。野花物种对农村生物多样性具有重要的环境影响，因为植物传粉媒介网络在景观美学和环境功能方面都发挥着关键作用。由于它们在传统农业生态系统中的稀缺和/或消失，野花现在被用于恢复农业环境。在这项研究中，种植了 15 种野花，以验证它们在植物 - 传粉媒介相互作用方面的生态性能，同时在实验室中确定了花排放的几种化学物质。开花期集中在春季，尽管一些物种的开花期延长到炎热干燥的夏季月份。在定量和定性传粉媒介吸引力（即蜜蜂、大黄蜂、食蚜蝇、蜂蝇和蝴蝶）方面发现了极大的可变性。大多数野花物种散发出的挥发物首先属于几种化学类别之一。不同挥发性排放物的层次聚类分析与各自野花的植物分类群并不完全相关。通常，单一化合物占主导地位，例如单萜烃中的 β-罗勒烯和柠檬烯，含氧单萜中的 santolina 醇，或非萜烯衍生物中的 (Z)-或 (E)-3-己烯醇乙酸酯。据信，这些化合物可以在植物授粉食物网中发挥生态作用。