The 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster remains the largest single accidental release of oil and gas into the ocean. During the 87-day release, scientists used oceanographic tools to collect wellhead oil and gas samples, interrogate microbial community shifts and activities, and track the chemical composition of dissolved oil in the ocean’s interior. In the decade since the disaster, field and laboratory investigations studied the physics and chemistry of irrupted oil and gas at high pressure and low temperature, the role of chemical dispersants in oil composition and microbial hydrocarbon degradation, and the impact of combined oil, gas and dispersants on the flora and fauna of coastal and deep-sea environments. The multi-faceted, multidisciplinary scientific response to the released oil, gas and dispersants culminated in a better understanding of the environmental factors that influence the short-term and long-term fate and transport of oil in marine settings. In this Review, we summarize the unique aspects of the Deepwater Horizon release and highlight the advances in oil chemistry and microbiology that resulted from novel applications of emerging technologies. We end with an outlook on the applicability of these findings to possible oil releases in future deep-sea drilling locations and newly-opened high-latitude shipping lanes.

2010年的“深水地平线”灾难仍然是最大的一次向海洋意外泄漏石油和天然气。在发布的87天中，科学家使用海洋学工具收集了井口油气样品，询问了微生物群落的变化和活动，并跟踪了海洋内部溶解的油的化学成分。自灾难以来的十年中，现场和实验室调查研究了在高压和低温下喷发的石油和天然气的物理和化学性质，化学分散剂在石油成分和微生物碳氢化合物降解中的作用以及石油，天然气和天然气的综合影响。沿海和深海环境动植物的分散剂。对释放出的石油的多方面，多学科的科学反应，气体和分散剂最终使人们更好地了解了影响海洋环境中石油短期和长期命运和运输的环境因素。在这篇评论中，我们总结了《深水地平线》发行版的独特方面，并重点介绍了新兴技术的新颖应用在石油化学和微生物学方面的进步。最后，我们展望了这些发现对未来深海钻井地点和新开放的高纬度航道可能释放的石油的适用性。我们总结了Deepwater Horizo​​n版本的独特方面，并重点介绍了新兴技术的新颖应用在石油化学和微生物学方面的进步。最后，我们展望了这些发现对未来深海钻井地点和新开放的高纬度航道可能释放的石油的适用性。我们总结了Deepwater Horizo​​n版本的独特方面，并重点介绍了新兴技术的新颖应用在石油化学和微生物学方面的进步。最后，我们展望了这些发现对未来深海钻井地点和新开放的高纬度航道可能释放的石油的适用性。