Soil salinity is a constraint for major agricultural crops leading to severe yield loss, which may increase with the changing climatic conditions. Disruption in the cellular ionic homeostasis is one of the primary responses induced by elevated sodium ions (Na+ ). Therefore, unravelling the mechanism of Na+ uptake and transport in plants along with the characterization of the candidate genes facilitating ion homeostasis is obligatory for enhancing salinity tolerance in crops. The present review summarizes the current advances in understanding the ion homeostasis mechanism in crop plants, emphasizing the role of transporters involved in the regulation of cytosolic Na+ level along with the conservation of K+ /Na+ ratio. Furthermore, expression profiles of the candidate genes for ion homeostasis were also explored under various developmental stages and tissues of Oryza sativa based on the publicly available microarray data. The review also gives an up-to-date summary on the efforts to increase salinity tolerance in crops by manipulating selected stress-associated genes. Overall, this review gives a combined view on both the ionomic and molecular background of salt stress tolerance in plants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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重新评估离子稳态对提高​​作物耐盐性的作用

土壤盐分是主要农作物的制约因素，导致严重的产量损失，随着气候条件的变化，这种损失可能会增加。细胞离子稳态的破坏是钠离子 (Na+) 升高引起的主要反应之一。因此，阐明植物中 Na+ 吸收和运输的机制以及促进离子稳态的候选基因的表征对于提高作物的耐盐性是必不可少的。本综述总结了当前在理解作物植物离子稳态机制方面的进展，强调转运蛋白在调节细胞溶质 Na+ 水平以及保持 K+ /Na+ 比率方面的作用。此外，基于公开可用的微阵列数据，还在水稻的不同发育阶段和组织下探索了离子稳态候选基因的表达谱。该评论还提供了关于通过操纵选定的胁迫相关基因来提高作物耐盐性的最新总结。总体而言，这篇综述对植物盐胁迫耐受性的离子组学和分子学背景给出了综合观点。本文受版权保护。版权所有。这篇综述对植物盐胁迫耐受性的离子组学和分子学背景给出了综合观点。本文受版权保护。版权所有。这篇综述对植物盐胁迫耐受性的离子组学和分子学背景给出了综合观点。本文受版权保护。版权所有。