Dopamine (DA) signaling is critical to the modulation of multiple brain functions including locomotion, reinforcement, attention and cognition. The literature provides strong evidence that altered DA availability and actions can impact normal neurodevelopment, with both early and enduring consequences on anatomy, physiology and behavior. An appreciation for the developmental contributions of DA signaling to brain development is needed to guide efforts to preclude and remedy neurobehavioral disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, addiction, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, each of which exhibits links to DA via genetic, cellular and/or pharmacological findings. In this review, we highlight research pursued in preclinical models that use genetic and pharmacological approaches to manipulate DA signaling at sensitive developmental stages, leading to changes at molecular, circuit and/or behavioral levels. We discuss how these alterations can be aligned with traits displayed by neuropsychiatric diseases. Lastly, we review human studies that evaluate contributions of developmental perturbations of DA systems to increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders.

中文翻译：

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生命早期多巴胺信号扰动引起的神经行为变化。

多巴胺 (DA) 信号传导对于多种大脑功能的调节至关重要，包括运动、强化、注意力和认知。文献提供了强有力的证据表明，改变 DA 的可用性和作用会影响正常的神经发育，对解剖学、生理学和行为产生早期和持久的影响。需要认识到 DA 信号对大脑发育的贡献，以指导预防和治疗神经行为障碍的努力，例如注意力缺陷/多动障碍、成瘾、双相情感障碍、精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍，每种疾病都与DA 通过遗传、细胞和/或药理学发现。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了在临床前模型中进行的研究，这些模型使用遗传和药理学方法在敏感的发育阶段操纵 DA 信号传导，从而导致分子、电路和/或行为水平的变化。我们讨论如何将这些改变与神经精神疾病所表现的特征结合起来。最后，我们回顾了一些人类研究，这些研究评估了 DA 系统的发育扰动对神经精神疾病风险增加的影响。