To the best of the authors' knowledge, testing the biocompatibility of graphene coatings can be considered as the first to demonstrate human carotid endothelial cell (HCtAEC) proliferation on Au, graphene oxide-coated Au (Au/GO), and reduced graphene oxide-coated Au (Au/rGO) surfaces. We hypothesized that stent material modified with graphene (G)-based coatings could be used as electrodes for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in monitoring cell cultures, i.e., endothelialization. Alamar Blue cell viability assay and cell staining and cell counting with optical images were performed. For EIS analysis, an EIS sensor consisting of Au surface electrodes was produced by the photolithographic technique. Surface characterizations were performed by considering scanning electron microscope (SEM) and water contact angle analyses. Results showed that GO and rGO coatings did not prevent neither the electrical measurements nor the cell proliferation and that rGO had a positive effect on HCtAEC proliferation. The rate of increase of impedance change from day 1 to day 10 was nearly fivefold for all electrode surfaces. Alamar Blue assay performed to monitor cell proliferation rates between groups, and rGO has shown the highest Alamar Blue reduction value of 43.65 ± 8.79%. Graphical abstract.

中文翻译：

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通过电阻抗光谱法表征Au，Au / GO和Au / rGO表面的颈动脉内皮细胞增殖。

据作者所知，测试石墨烯涂层的生物相容性可以被认为是第一个证明人颈动脉内皮细胞（HCtAEC）在Au，氧化石墨烯涂层的Au（Au / GO）和还原的氧化石墨烯上的增殖。镀金（Au / rGO）表面。我们假设用石墨烯（G）基涂层改性的支架材料可以用作电阻抗光谱仪（EIS）的电极，以监测细胞培养，即内皮化。进行了Alamar Blue细胞活力测定以及细胞染色和具有光学图像的细胞计数。为了进行EIS分析，通过光刻技术生产了由Au表面电极组成的EIS传感器。通过考虑扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和水接触角分析来进行表面表征。结果表明，GO和rGO涂层既不能防止电测量，也不能阻止细胞增殖，并且rGO对HCtAEC增殖具有积极作用。对于所有电极表面，从第1天到第10天阻抗变化的增加率几乎是原来的五倍。进行Alamar Blue分析以监测组之间的细胞增殖速率，rGO显示最高的Alamar Blue降低值为43.65±8.79％。图形概要。rGO显示最高的Alamar Blue降低值是43.65±8.79％。图形概要。rGO显示最高的Alamar Blue降低值是43.65±8.79％。图形概要。