Two of the most challenging goals for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond communication systems are massive connectivity and higher capacity. The use of traditional orthogonal multiple access techniques limits the number of users that can be served using available resources due to orthogonality constraint. Moreover, the available resources may not be utilized effectively by alloted users thereby resulting in inefficiency and user unfairness. This imposes a severe drawback in cases where the number of users to be served are high, like in the Internet of Things or ultra-dense 5G networks. Hence, introducing non-orthogonality to multiple access scheme is advocated as a superior methodology to serve multiple users simultaneously, thereby achieving multi-fold enhancement in connectivity. In scenarios with massive number of users, non-orthogonal multiple access scheme (NOMA) increases the number of active connections by superimposing signals of multiple users on the same resource block, thereby also utilizing the available resources efficiently. This article presents an overview of the integration of NOMA with several other leading technologies for 5G and beyond networks to enhance the connectivity.

中文翻译：

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非正交多路访问：大规模连接的推动者

第五代 (5G) 及以后的通信系统最具挑战性的两个目标是大规模连接和更高容量。由于正交性约束，传统正交多址技术的使用限制了可以使用可用资源服务的用户数量。此外，可用资源可能无法被分配的用户有效利用，从而导致效率低下和用户不公平。在要服务的用户数量较多的情况下，例如物联网或超密集 5G 网络，这会带来严重的缺陷。因此，提倡将非正交性引入多址方案作为同时为多个用户提供服务的优越方法，从而实现连通性的多倍增强。在海量用户的场景下，非正交多址方案（NOMA）通过在同一资源块上叠加多个用户的信号来增加活动连接的数量，从而也有效地利用了可用资源。本文概述了 NOMA 与其他几种领先的 5G 及更高网络技术的集成，以增强连接性。