This paper proposes a methodology for advanced demand side management (DSM) in the distribution network (DN), catering at the same time for the requirements of the network operator, transmission or distribution, the available flexibility of the demand side, and the preservation of network performance. The basic premise of the study is that the distribution network operator is providing flexibility to the transmission system operator through load shaping. Different, one or more, indicators can be chosen to assess preservation of network performance. In this paper, for illustrative purposes of the methodology, the steady state voltage stability index, namely the load margin, is chosen as the network performance indicator. This is evaluated before and after a DSM action, in order to analyse the possible effect of DSM on network loadability. Load at each DN bus is represented using a realistic composite load model comprising controllable and uncontrollable loads. The DSM is initially performed based on optimal power flow calculation to ensure that the distribution system load profile at the grid supply point follows the required (pre-specified) load profile during a 24 hour period. Following this, a particle swarm optimisation is used to modify DSM program in those time steps of the planning horizon where load margin is reduced. The methodology is illustrated on a number of case studies using modified IEEE 33 bus distribution network model. The results illustrate the extent to which the available flexibility of demand can be used in support of transmission network operation when the preservation of network performance and appropriate load modeling are considered.

中文翻译：

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支持输电网络运行的配电网级多目标需求侧管理

本文提出了一种在配电网 (DN) 中进行高级需求侧管理 (DSM) 的方法，同时满足网络运营商、输电或配电的要求、需求侧的可用灵活性以及保持网络性能。该研究的基本前提是配电网络运营商通过负载整形为输电系统运营商提供灵活性。可以选择不同的一个或多个指标来评估网络性能的保存情况。在本文中，为了说明该方法的目的，选择稳态电压稳定性指标，即负载裕度作为网络性能指标。这在 DSM 操作之前和之后进行评估，以分析 DSM 对网络负载能力的可能影响。每个 DN 总线上的负载使用包含可控和不可控负载的现实复合负载模型来表示。DSM 最初基于最佳潮流计算执行，以确保电网供应点的配电系统负载曲线在 24 小时内遵循所需（预先指定）的负载曲线。在此之后，粒子群优化用于在负载裕度降低的规划范围的那些时间步长中修改 DSM 程序。使用修改后的 IEEE 33 总线分配网络模型在许多案例研究中说明了该方法。结果说明了在考虑保持网络性能和适当的负载建模时，可用的需求灵活性可用于支持传输网络运行的程度。